每日英语听力外刊精读20230715:印度美食的必备现在在菜单上消失了,因为价格飙升了400%


文本选自:CNN(美国有线电视新闻网)
作者:Tara Subramaniam and Sania Farooqui
原文标题:An Indian culinary must-have is off the menu as prices jump 400%
原文发布时间:12 Jul. 2023
An Indian culinary must-have is off the menu as prices jump 400%
From butter chicken to paneer makhani, Indian cuisine is unthinkable without the ubiquitous tomato. But the culinary staple is now off the menu at homes and restaurants across the country after prices soared by more than 400% due to crop failures following scorching heat waves and heavy rains, according to farmers and agriculture experts. A kilogram (2.2 pounds) of tomatoes sold in the capital New Delhi this week cost 138 rupees ($1.68), a startling fivefold jump from the 27 rupees ($0.33) recorded in January, according to data from the Department of Consumer Affairs.
Asha, a homemaker in the capital who asked to be referred to only by her first name, told CNN the increase has hit her seven-member family hard. She uses tomatoes in almost every dishes she makes. "This tomato price hike is impacting us a lot," she said. "It's unbelievable." "Tomatoes are an integral part of our vegetarian diet … [but] these past couple of days, I am conscious about what I am cooking because it's so expensive."
Asha's family isn't the only ones affected. Some of McDonald's (MCD) restaurants across the country have temporarily stopped serving tomatoes on their burgers, citing quality issues and shortages of supply. Connaught Plaza Restaurants, which manages the McDonald's franchises in the north and east of India, placed signs outside impacted restaurants saying they were "not able to get adequate quantities of tomatoes which pass our world class stringent quality checks."

印度美食的必备现在在菜单上消失了,因为价格飙升了400%

精听党背景导读
根据印度政府数据,本周新德里番茄价格为每公斤138卢比(约合人民币12元),是1月份27卢比(约合人民币2.3元)的五倍。农民和农业专家表示,造成目前番茄短缺的一个因素是极端天气。最近几个星期,高温席卷印度和亚洲其它地区。印度政府警告,印度将是受影响最严重的国家之一,极端天气可能影响全国14亿人,并给农业、经济和公卫系统带来前所未有的负担,最终阻碍印度实现发展目标。
文本选自:CNN(美国有线电视新闻网)作者:Tara Subramaniam and Sania Farooqui原文标题:An Indian culinary must-have is off the menu as prices jump 400%原文发布时间:12 Jul. 2023关键词:印度 番茄 飙升

精听党带着问题听
1.“酷热”用英语可以怎么表达?2. 如何理解段二中的“hike”?3. 西红柿价格上涨对印度居民有什么影响?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
An Indian culinary must-have is off the menu as prices jump 400%
印度美食的必备现在在菜单上消失了,因为价格飙升了400%
culinary adj. <正式>烹饪的,食物的;1. advanced culinary skills 高超的烹调技艺;
must-have n. 必备品;
menu n. 菜单;饭菜,菜肴;1. A waiter offered him the menu. 一个侍者给他送上了菜单。
jump vt. 激增,暴涨;1. Sales jumped from $94 million to over $101 million. 销售额从9400万美元猛增到超过1.01亿美元。
段一
From butter chicken to paneer makhani, Indian cuisine is unthinkable without the ubiquitous tomato. But the culinary staple is now off the menu at homes and restaurants across the country after prices soared by more than 400% due to crop failures following scorching heat waves and heavy rains, according to farmers and agriculture experts. A kilogram (2.2 pounds) of tomatoes sold in the capital New Delhi this week cost 138 rupees ($1.68), a startling fivefold jump from the 27 rupees ($0.33) recorded in January, according to data from the Department of Consumer Affairs.
paneer n. 印度奶酪;
unthinkable adj. 不能想象的;1. unbelievable adj. 不可信的,不真实的;难以置信的,特别的;
ubiquitous adj. 普遍存在的,无所不在的;1. Sugar is ubiquitous in the diet. 糖在饮食中到处可见。
staple n.(某国的)主要产品,支柱产品;主食;主要部份,重要内容;1. staple food 主食;主食类;
soar vi.(数量、价值、水平、规模等)急升,猛涨;
scorching adj. <非正式>炎热的;(批评)严厉的,尖刻的;1. scorching heat 炎热;酷热;
expert n. 专家,能手,权威;1. expert system 专家系统;
capital n. 首都,首府,省会;
rupee n. 卢比(货币);
startling adj. 令人吃惊的,不寻常的;
fivefold adj. 五倍的;五重的;1. fourfold adj. 四倍的;有四部分的;
Department of Consumer Affairs 消费者事务部;
参考译文
从黄油鸡到印度奶酪羹,没有无处不在的番茄,印度菜是不可想象的。但据农民和农业专家称,由于热浪和暴雨导致农作物歉收,这种主要食物现在已经从全国各地的家庭和餐馆的菜单上消失了,因为价格飙升了400%以上。根据消费者事务部的数据,本周在首都新德里出售的每公斤西红柿售价为138卢比(1.68美元),惊人地上涨到1月份27卢比(0.33美元)价格的5倍。
段二
Asha, a homemaker in the capital who asked to be referred to only by her first name, told CNN the increase has hit her seven-member family hard. She uses tomatoes in almost every dishes she makes. “This tomato price hike is impacting us a lot,” she said. “It’s unbelievable.” “Tomatoes are an integral part of our vegetarian diet … [but] these past couple of days, I am conscious about what I am cooking because it’s so expensive.”
homemaker n. 主妇;家庭主妇;
refer to 提及;1. I promised not to refer to the matter again. 我答应过再不提这事了。
hike n.(价格、花费等的)大幅度提高,猛增;1. price hike 物价上涨;
integral adj. 必需的,必要的;作为组成部分的;1. Rituals, celebrations, and festivals form an integral part of every human society. 仪式、庆典和节日是每个人类社会不可缺少的组成部分。
vegetarian diet 素食饮食;
couple of days 几天;1. couple of years 几年;2. couple of friends 几个朋友;
conscious adj. 意识到的;神志清醒的,有知觉的;关注的;1. self-conscious adj. 不自在的,难为情的;自觉的,刻意的;
参考译文
阿莎是首都的一名家庭主妇(她在接受采访时要求只透露她的名),她告诉CNN,涨价对她一家七口人来说打击很大。她做的每道菜几乎都用西红柿。“西红柿价格上涨对我们影响很大,”她说。“这是难以置信的。西红柿是我们素食中不可或缺的一部分……但最近几天,我对自己做的菜很在意,因为它太贵了。”
段三
Asha’s family isn’t the only ones affected. Some of McDonald’s (MCD) restaurants across the country have temporarily stopped serving tomatoes on their burgers, citing quality issues and shortages of supply. Connaught Plaza Restaurants, which manages the McDonald’s franchises in the north and east of India, placed signs outside impacted restaurants saying they were “not able to get adequate quantities of tomatoes which pass our world class stringent quality checks.”
temporarily adv. 暂时地,临时地;
cite vt. 引用,援引;引证,引以为例;1. Domestic interest rates are often cited as a major factor affecting exchange rates. 国内利率常常被援引为影响汇率的一个主要因素。
franchise n. 特许经营权;获特许经营权的企业(商店);
sign n. 指示牌,标志;
adequate adj. 足够的,适当的,合乎需要的;1. adequate demand 充分需求;
world class adj. 世界级的;一流的;
stringent adj. (规定或条件)严格的;紧缩的,银根紧的;1. He announced that there would be more stringent controls on the possession of weapons. 他宣布在武器的持有方面将会有更严格的控制。
参考译文
受影响的不止阿莎的家人。由于质量问题和供应短缺,全国一些麦当劳餐厅暂时停止在汉堡中添加西红柿。康诺广场餐厅负责管理麦当劳在印度北部和东部的特许经营权,其在受影响的餐厅外面张贴了标语,称他们“无法获得足够数量的、能够通过我们世界级的严格质量检查的西红柿。”
精听党每日单词
culinary
 /ˈkʌlɪneri/ adj. <正式>烹饪的,食物的;
must-have
 /mʌst hæv/ n. 必备品;
menu
 /ˈmenjuː/ n. 菜单;饭菜,菜肴;
jump
 /dʒʌmp/ vt. 激增,暴涨;
paneer
 /pəˈnɪr/ n. 印度奶酪;
unthinkable
 /ʌnˈθɪŋkəbl/ adj. 不能想象的;
ubiquitous
 /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ adj. 普遍存在的,无所不在的;
staple
 /ˈsteɪp(ə)l/ n.(某国的)主要产品,支柱产品;主食;主要部份,重要内容;
soar
 /sɔːr/ vi.(数量、价值、水平、规模等)急升,猛涨;
scorching
 /ˈskɔːrtʃɪŋ/ adj. <非正式>炎热的;(批评)严厉的,尖刻的;
expert
 /ˈekspɜːrt/ n. 专家,能手,权威;
capital
 /ˈkæpɪt(ə)l/ n. 首都,首府,省会;
rupee
 /ruːˈpiː/ n. 卢比(货币);
startling 
/ˈstɑːrtlɪŋ/ adj. 令人吃惊的,不寻常的;
fivefold
 /ˈfaɪvfoʊld/ adj. 五倍的;五重的;
Department of Consumer Affairs
 消费者事务部;
homemaker
 /ˈhoʊmmeɪkər/ n. 主妇;家庭主妇;
refer to
 提及;
hike
 /haɪk/ n.(价格、花费等的)大幅度提高,猛增;
integral
 /ˈɪntɪɡrəl/ adj. 必需的,必要的;作为组成部分的;
vegetarian diet
 素食饮食;
couple of days
 几天;
conscious
 /ˈkɑːnʃəs/ adj. 意识到的;神志清醒的,有知觉的;关注的;
temporarily
 /ˌtempəˈrerəli/ adv. 暂时地,临时地;
cite
 /saɪt/ vt. 引用,援引;引证,引以为例;
franchise
 /ˈfræntʃaɪz/ n. 特许经营权;获特许经营权的企业(商店);
sign
 /saɪn/ n. 指示牌,标志;
adequate
 /ˈædɪkwət/ adj. 足够的,适当的,合乎需要的;
world class
 /ˌwɜːld ˈklɑːs/ adj. 世界级的;一流的;
stringent
 /ˈstrɪndʒənt/ adj. (规定或条件)严格的;紧缩的,银根紧的;
精听党文化拓展
近日,热浪席卷印度多地,处于印度西北部和东部的多个邦气温超过40摄氏度,其中德里最高气温达到43摄氏度,北方邦和哈里亚纳邦达到42摄氏度,拉贾斯坦邦为41摄氏度。
受高温影响,印度水稻、果蔬等作物产量下降。同时由于印度缺乏足够的冷链等基础设施,过热的天气导致大量农产品在运输过程中变质。印度农民拉凯什表示,农作物歉收的原因就是天气太热。而且这里地下水很少,还缺电。正是因为这些原因,导致蔬菜变质,造成大量损失。
高温天气也让印度电力部门面临极大挑战,与去年同期相比,今年电力需求增加了10%到20%。
印度农民拉温德表示,“这里一天当中,只有2到3个小时会供电,这给我们带来了很多困难。而且经常深夜12点才会来电。这里电力问题真的很严重,一个普通农民为了生存真的需要面对太多问题。”
炎热的天气也让户外工作变得困难,工作效率降低。印度工人马丹表示,“现在温度真的很高,但工作还是得干。在高温下工作身体容易缺水,我们时常中暑。”酷热迫使人们在白天的工作时间减少,生产效率下降。
报道员拉聚·德凡德表示,持续高温天气严重影响农作物生长,同时影响人们的生活。近期印度的用电量已创下历史新高。高温天气也导致印度生产力下降,国内生产总值减少。
精听党每日美句
Winners never quit, and quitters never win.
胜利者永不放弃,放弃者永远无法获胜。
原文链接:https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/12/business/india-tomato-shortage-climate-mcdonalds-intl-hnk/index.html#:~:text=An%20Indian%20culinary%20must%2Dhave,menu%20as%20prices%20jump%20400%25&text=Vegetable%20prices%20across%20India%2C%20especially,consumer%20outrage%20and%20even%20protests.&text=From%20butter%20chicken%20to%20paneer,unthinkable%20without%20the%20ubiquitous%20tomato.
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