每日英语听力外刊精读20230411:即将改造电网


文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:The electric grid is about to be transformed
原文发布时间:8 Apr. 2023
The electric grid is about to be transformed
In the turbine hall at Drax, a power plant in the English county of Yorkshire, sit six monsters of angular momentum. They are massive—2,800 tonnes each—and complex, composed of 28 turbine sub-assemblies. And they spin on their axes 3,000 times per minute. Place your hand on the blue metal casing around one of them and your whole body thrums in harmony. The hall's floor hums a flattened A three octaves below middle C that numbs the soles of your feet.
The turbines are driven by high-pressure steam produced in vast boilers that hang from the ceiling. The boilers' walls are meticulously insulated, but you can still feel the heat of their 1,100°C (2,000°F) bellies at 20 paces. For most of Drax's life those flames have been fed by a steady stream of coal, tens of thousands of tonnes of it pulverised and blasted into the blaze every day.
Today, in a sign of the times, most of Drax's boilers burn biomass instead. The shift is part of the move towards renewables taking place around the world. Removing fossil fuels from electricity generation is universally seen as a necessary, but not sufficient, step towards stabilising the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The attractions are clear: much of the world already runs on electricity; there are many sources of non-fossil-fuel energy available, some very cheap; and increasing electricity's share of total energy use by encouraging use of electric vehicles, heat pumps and the like looks comparatively easy.
即将改造电网

精听党背景导读
生物质发电是可再生能源乃至新能源的重要组成部分,对于推动能源结构绿色转型具有重要意义,也是推进农业绿色发展、建设美丽乡村的有力支撑。
“当前,我国生物质能源化利用主要以发电为主。生物质发电作为绿色能源结构中的重要组成部分,在处置城乡有机废弃物、减少温室气体排放、促进县域能源结构升级、推动减污降碳、振兴乡村等方面发挥着积极作用。但是目前由于生物质发电补贴拖欠,支持政策不稳定、不到位等因素,我国生物质发电处置项目运营艰难,经济状况欠佳,急需通过碳市场、碳交易获得额外收入,改善经营状况。”
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:The electric grid is about to be transformed原文发布时间:8 Apr. 2023关键词:电网 化石燃料 温室效应
精听党带着问题听
1. 如何理解第二段的“a stream of”?2.“发电”用英语可以如何表达?3. 稳定大气中温室气体水平的必要步骤是什么?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
The electric grid is about to be transformed
即将改造电网
be about to do sth. 即将,行将,正要(做某事);1. I was just about to ask you the same thing. 我刚才正要问你同一件事情。
transform vt. 使改变形态; 使改变外观(或性质);使改观;1. It was an event that would transform my life. 这件事改变了我的生活。
段一
In the turbine hall at Drax, a power plant in the English county of Yorkshire, sit six monsters of angular momentum. They are massive—2,800 tonnes each—and complex, composed of 28 turbine sub-assemblies. And they spin on their axes 3,000 times per minute. Place your hand on the blue metal casing around one of them and your whole body thrums in harmony. The hall’s floor hums a flattened A three octaves below middle C that numbs the soles of your feet.
turbine n. 涡轮机,汽轮机;
power plant 发电厂;动力装置;
monster n. 巨大的东西,庞然大物;
angular momentum 角动量;
massive adj. 巨大的;大而重的;结实的;
be composed of 由…组成;1. The force would be composed of troops from NATO countries. 该部队将由北约各国的军队组成。
sub-assembly n. 部件;组件;
axis n. 轴,轴线;对称中心线,对称轴;1. axe n. 斧,斧子;
thrum vi. (机器、引擎)嗡嗡作响;发出沉闷声;1. The air-conditioner thrummed. 空调嗡嗡作响。
hum vt. 发嗡嗡声;1. The computers were humming away. 计算机在嗡嗡作响。
octave n. 八度;八度音阶;1. to play an octave higher 再奏高一个八度;
middle C 中央C音;
numb vt. 使失去知觉;使麻木;1. His fingers were numbed with the cold. 他的手指冻僵了。
sole n. 脚掌;脚底(板);鞋底;袜底;1. The hot sand burned the soles of their feet. 灼热的沙地烫着他们的脚底。
参考译文
在英国约克郡德拉克斯发电厂的涡轮大厅里,放着六个角动量的庞然大物。它们很庞大——每个重达2800吨——且结构复杂,这些机器由28个涡轮组件组成。它们每分钟在轴上旋转3000次。如果把你的手放在其中一个周围的蓝色金属外壳上,那么你的整个身体就会和谐地跳动起来。大厅的地板上回荡着比中C低三个八度的平A音,这会让你的脚底麻木。
段二
The turbines are driven by high-pressure steam produced in vast boilers that hang from the ceiling. The boilers’ walls are meticulously insulated, but you can still feel the heat of their 1,100°C (2,000°F) bellies at 20 paces. For most of Drax’s life those flames have been fed by a steady stream of coal, tens of thousands of tonnes of it pulverised and blasted into the blaze every day.
meticulously adv. 细致地;一丝不苟地;拘泥地;1. meticulous adj. 细心的;小心翼翼的;
meticulous planning/records/research 周密的计划/详细的记录/一丝不苟的研究;
insulated adj. 有隔热(或隔音、绝缘)保护的;1. insulated wires 绝缘线;
belly n.(人或动物的)腹部,肚子;胃,胃口;(物体的)腹状部分;
feed vt. 供给;供应;1. The electricity line is fed with power through an underground cable. 这条电线的电力是通过地下电缆传输的。
a stream of 一连串,接二连三,源源不断的;1. The agency provided me with a steady stream of work. 这家公司为我提供了源源不断的工作。
pulverise vt. 粉碎;将…磨成粉;
blast vt. 向…猛吹;向…喷射;1. Police blasted the demonstrators with water cannons. 警察用高压水炮喷射示威者。
参考译文
涡轮机由悬挂在天花板上的巨大锅炉产生的高压蒸汽驱动。锅炉的内壁是精心隔热的,但你仍然可以在20步外感受到它们1100°C(2000°F)的来自锅炉腹部的热量。德拉克斯一生中的大部分时间里,这些火焰都是靠源源不断的煤来供应的,每天都有数万吨煤被粉碎并喷射到大火中。
段三
Today, in a sign of the times, most of Drax’s boilers burn biomass instead. The shift is part of the move towards renewables taking place around the world. Removing fossil fuels from electricity generation is universally seen as a necessary, but not sufficient, step towards stabilising the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The attractions are clear: much of the world already runs on electricity; there are many sources of non-fossil-fuel energy available, some very cheap; and increasing electricity’s share of total energy use by encouraging use of electric vehicles, heat pumps and the like looks comparatively easy.
biomass n. 生物量(以生境面积或容积表示);生物质能燃料;
generation n.(尤指电、热等的)产生;1. the generation of electricity 发电;
sufficient adj. 足够的,充足的;(理由、条件)充足的,充分的;1. self-sufficient adj. 自给自足的;
the like 类似的人(或物);1. jazz, rock and the like 爵士乐、摇滚乐以及诸如此类的音乐;
comparatively adv. 比较上;相对地;1. The unit is comparatively easy to install and cheap to operate. 该装置安装相对容易,操作成本低廉。
参考译文
如今,作为时代的标志,德拉克斯的大多数锅炉转而燃烧生物质能燃料。这一转变是全球向可再生能源转变的一部分。从发电中去除化石燃料被普遍认为是稳定大气中温室气体水平的必要步骤,但还不够。其吸引力是显而易见的:世界上大部分地区已经在使用电力;有许多非化石燃料能源可用,有些非常便宜;通过鼓励使用电动汽车、热泵和类似的东西来增加电力在总能源使用中的份额看起来相对容易。
精听党每日单词
be about to do sth.
 即将,行将,正要(做某事);
transform
 /trænsˈfɔːrm/ vt. 使改变形态; 使改变外观(或性质);使改观;
turbine
 /ˈtɜːrbaɪn/ n. 涡轮机,汽轮机;
power plant
 发电厂;动力装置;
monster
 /ˈmɑːnstər/ n. 巨大的东西,庞然大物;
angular momentum
 角动量;
massive
 /ˈmæsɪv/ adj. 巨大的;大而重的;结实的;
be composed of
 由…组成;
sub-assembly
 /sʌb əˈsembli/ n. 部件;组件;
axis
 /ˈæksɪs/ n. 轴,轴线;对称中心线,对称轴;
thrum
 /θrʌm/ vi. (机器、引擎)嗡嗡作响;发出沉闷声;
hum
 /hʌm/ vt. 发嗡嗡声;
octave
 /ˈɑːktɪv/ n. 八度;八度音阶;
middle C
 中央C音;
numb
 /nʌm/ vt. 使失去知觉;使麻木;
sole
 /soʊl/ n. 脚掌;脚底(板);鞋底;袜底;
meticulously
 /məˈtɪkjələsli/ adv. 细致地;一丝不苟地;拘泥地;
insulated
 /ˈɪnsəleɪtɪd/ adj. 有隔热(或隔音、绝缘)保护的;
belly
 /ˈbeli/ n.(人或动物的)腹部,肚子;胃,胃口;(物体的)腹状部分;
feed
 /fiːd/ vt. 供给;供应;
a stream of
 一连串,接二连三,源源不断的;
pulverise
 /ˈpʌlvəraɪz/ vt. 粉碎;将…磨成粉;
blast
 /blæst/ vt. 向…猛吹;向…喷射;
biomass
 /ˈbaɪoʊmæs/ n. 生物量(以生境面积或容积表示);生物质能燃料;
generation
 /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ n.(尤指电、热等的)产生;
sufficient
 /səˈfɪʃ(ə)nt/ adj. 足够的,充足的;(理由、条件)充足的,充分的;
the like
 类似的人(或物);
comparatively
 /kəmˈpærətɪvli/ adv. 比较上;相对地;
精听党文化拓展
“目前,我国生物质发电参与电力现货市场确实还存在一些问题,但放眼全球,特别是在丹麦和德国等欧洲国家,相应的模式已经非常成熟。”中国产业发展促进会副秘书长兼生物质能分会秘书长张大勇指出,在上述国家中,生物质发电企业每年约有1/3的收益来自于市场化的电力交易,现货交易更是非常活跃。
根据国际能源署生物质能执行委员会发布的《2021 IEA 生物质能国家报告》,2021年,丹麦总发电量为334亿千瓦时,其中生物质发电占比达到23.17%。张大勇介绍,由于欧盟浮动电价机制的普及,包括丹麦在内的北欧国家,生物质发电企业基本都参与了电力现货交易。
以丹麦为例,张大勇介绍,由于丹麦家庭中常年有生活热水供应,国内的热能消费旺盛,热价长期高于电价。为此,丹麦的生物质能项目多以热电联产方式开展生产经营。得益于成熟的储热技术,生物质发电企业随着电价的波动实时调整发电量。企业在用电高峰、电价高昂时直接参与电力现货交易;电价低谷时,企业会减少发电量或将余电转化为热能储存,出售热能用以盈利。“现货市场有时还会出现负电价情况,有些企业还会趁机‘买电’储热,赚取利润。”

精听党每日美句
It is right to put everything in its proper use.
凡事都应用得其所。
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