文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）
作者：Unknown
原文标题：Pay-transparency laws do not work as advertised
原文发布时间：8 Jan. 2023
Pay-transparency laws do not work as advertised
The salary negotiation has long been one of the trickiest parts of hiring or being hired. Ask for too little and you may leave money on the table; ask for too much and you may not be offered the job at all. In America, this delicate balancing act is becoming less perilous. On January 1st California and Washington became the latest states in the country to require employers to include minimum and maximum pay ranges in all job advertisements. Similar laws aimed at levelling the playing field in salary negotiations and reducing gender and racial pay gaps have been passed in Colorado, New York and a handful of cities.
In November New York City began enforcing its own law. Yet despite the popularity of such pay-transparency laws—they now cover roughly a fifth of the American labour force—their effects are still widely misunderstood. Labour advocates champion pay-transparency laws on the grounds that they will narrow pay disparities. But research suggests that this is achieved not by boosting the wages of lower-paid workers but by curbing the wages of higher-paid ones.
A forthcoming paper by economists at the University of Toronto and Princeton University estimates that Canadian salary-disclosure laws implemented between 1996 and 2016 narrowed the gender pay gap of university professors by 20-30%. But there is also evidence that they lower salaries, on average. Another paper by professors at INSEAD, UNC Chapel Hill, Cornell and Columbia University found that a Danish pay-transparency law adopted in 2006 shrank the gender pay gap by 13%.
薪酬透明法并不像宣传的那样有效
精听党背景导读
关于钱的讨论——特别是对工资的讨论——正在走向公开化。
11月，纽约市加入了美国七个州和几个城市的行列中——共同采取一项制度，通过立法要求雇主披露薪资范围，无论是在招聘启事上、初次面试后，还是求职者提出要求时，雇主都必须履行此项法规。
文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）作者：Unknown原文标题：Pay-transparency laws do not work as advertised原文发布时间：8 Jan. 2023关键词：薪酬 谈判 透明
精听党带着问题听
1. 如何理解第二段的“on the grounds that”？2. 实际上薪酬差距的缩小是怎么实现的？3.“性别薪酬差距”用英语如何表达？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Pay-transparency laws do not work as advertised
薪酬透明法并不像宣传的那样有效
transparency n. 透明，透明性；幻灯片，透明正片；透明度，清晰度，公开度；1. If consumers say they want transparency, tell them exactly what is in your product. 如果消费者表示他们想要信息透明，那就告诉他们你的产品里到底有什么。
as advertised 像宣传所说的那样；1. advertise v. 为……做广告，登广告；公布，征聘；宣扬；使变得显眼；2. advertised brand 宣传品牌；广告品牌；
段一
The salary negotiation has long been one of the trickiest parts of hiring or being hired. Ask for too little and you may leave money on the table; ask for too much and you may not be offered the job at all. In America, this delicate balancing act is becoming less perilous. On January 1st California and Washington became the latest states in the country to require employers to include minimum and maximum pay ranges in all job advertisements. Similar laws aimed at levelling the playing field in salary negotiations and reducing gender and racial pay gaps have been passed in Colorado, New York and a handful of cities.
tricky adj. 最难对付的，最棘手的；
delicate adj. 微妙的；1. Creating a brochure is a delicate and important design process for any business. 对于任何企业来说，制作宣传册都是一个微妙而重要的设计过程。
perilous adj. 危险的，艰险的；
level vt. 稳定下来，达到平衡；1. The big problem for agriculture is not the number of people, but signs that farm productivity may be levelling out. 农业的大问题不是人口数量，而是农业生产力可能趋于平稳的迹象。
参考译文
长期以来，薪酬谈判一直是雇用或被雇用中最棘手的部分之一。要求太少，你可能会把钱留在桌上；要求太多，你可能根本不会得到这份工作。在美国，这种微妙的平衡行为正变得不那么危险。1月1日，加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州成为美国最新要求雇主在所有招聘广告中包括最低和最高工资范围的州。科罗拉多州、纽约州和一些城市也通过了类似的法律，旨在为薪酬谈判提供公平的竞争环境，并减少性别和种族薪酬差距。
段二
In November New York City began enforcing its own law. Yet despite the popularity of such pay-transparency laws—they now cover roughly a fifth of the American labour force—their effects are still widely misunderstood. Labour advocates champion pay-transparency laws on the grounds that they will narrow pay disparities. But research suggests that this is achieved not by boosting the wages of lower-paid workers but by curbing the wages of higher-paid ones.
enforce vt. 实施，执行（法律、规章）；
champion vt. 捍卫，拥护，支持；1. He passionately champions the poor and help the people who are in trouble. 他热情地捍卫穷人，并且帮助有困难的人。
on the grounds that conj. 由于（根据）；
narrow vt. 使缩小，压缩；
disparity n. 明显差异；1. There's a great disparity in strength between the two teams. 两队的实力相差太悬殊。
curb vt. 控制，抑制；
参考译文
11月，纽约市开始执行本市的法律。然而，尽管这种薪酬透明度法律很普及——它们现在覆盖了大约五分之一的美国劳动力——它们的影响仍然被广泛误解。劳工倡导者支持薪酬透明法，理由是它们将缩小薪酬差距。但研究表明，这不是通过提高低薪工人的工资，而是通过抑制高薪工人的工资来实现的。
段三
A forthcoming paper by economists at the University of Toronto and Princeton University estimates that Canadian salary-disclosure laws implemented between 1996 and 2016 narrowed the gender pay gap of university professors by 20-30%. But there is also evidence that they lower salaries, on average. Another paper by professors at INSEAD, UNC Chapel Hill, Cornell and Columbia University found that a Danish pay-transparency law adopted in 2006 shrank the gender pay gap by 13%.
forthcoming adj. 即将发生的，即将到来的；
implement vt. 执行，贯彻；1. The government promised to implement a new system to control financial loan institutions. 政府许诺要实施新的制度来控制金融贷款机构。
adopt vt. 采取，采纳，接受；正式通过；
shrink vt.（使）缩小，减少；
参考译文
多伦多大学和普林斯顿大学的经济学家即将发表的一篇论文估计，加拿大在1996年至2016年间实施的薪资披露法律，将大学教授的性别薪酬差距缩小了20-30%。但也有证据表明，他们的平均工资较低。欧洲工商管理学院(INSEAD)、北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校(UNC Chapel Hill)、康奈尔大学(Cornell)和哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)的教授们在另一篇论文中发现，丹麦2006年通过的薪酬透明法将性别薪酬差距缩小了13%。
精听党每日单词
transparency
/trænsˈpærənsi/ n. 透明，透明性；幻灯片，透明正片；透明度，清晰度，公开度；
as advertised
像宣传所说的那样；
tricky
/ˈtrɪki/ 最难对付的，最棘手的；
delicate
/ˈdelɪkət/ adj. 微妙的；
perilous
/ˈperələs/ adj. 危险的，艰险的；
level
/ˈlevl/ vt. 稳定下来，达到平衡；
enforce
/ɪnˈfɔːrs/ vt. 实施，执行（法律、规章）；
champion
/ˈtʃæmpiən/ vt. 捍卫，拥护，支持；
on the grounds that
conj. 由于（根据）；
narrow
/ˈnæroʊ/ vt. 使缩小，压缩；
disparity
/dɪˈspærəti/ n. 明显差异；
curb
/kɜːrb/ vt. 控制，抑制；
forthcoming
/ˌfɔːrθˈkʌmɪŋ/ adj. 即将发生的，即将到来的；
implement
/ˈɪmplɪment , ˈɪmplɪmənt/ vt. 执行，贯彻；
adopt
/əˈdɑːpt/ vt. 采取，采纳，接受；正式通过；
shrink
/ʃrɪŋk/ vt.（使）缩小，减少；
精听党文化拓展
薪资披露法旨在促进公平，因为我们不断了解到，如今社会，男女之间相同的工作存在工资差距，并且由于植根在种族和民族间的歧视问题，也会引起工资差异。
在全球范围内，女性的薪资普遍比男性要低百分之二十左右。当然，其中的原因可能有体力、性格上的男女差异，但造成差距如此之巨大的根本原因，离不开性别歧视。研究报告表明，此次新冠疫情的严峻工作形势下，许多公司都为了减少损赔而裁员缩职等，其中女性所受到的权益损害比男性要高很多。
LinkedIn Market Research数据表明，超过80%的Z世代认为分享工资数据将促进薪酬平等，其中女性比男性更愿意分享工资数据。相反，老一辈的人通常对工资缄口不言。
Handshake的数据显示，当公司在招聘信息中包含薪水信息时，来自黑人学生的工作申请增加了13%。公开薪酬信息并不能彻底解决这些长期存在的薪酬平等问题，但可以让早期人才知道，公司是认真致力于解决这些问题的。
精听党每日美句
Keep on going and never give up.
勇往直前，决不放弃！