文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）
作者：Unknown
原文标题：A scandal rocks India’s pharmaceutical industry
原文发布时间：10 Jan. 2023
A scandal rocks India's pharmaceutical industry
It is the stuff of parental nightmares. Between July and October 70 children in Gambia died of kidney failure. In December 18 perished in Uzbekistan from renal problems and acute respiratory disease. In both cases Indian-made cough syrups may have been at fault, according to allegations by a Gambian parliamentary committee and the Uzbek authorities.
The manufacturer in the Uzbek case, Marion Biotech, has been suspended from Pharmexcil, an Indian government-linked trade group that plays a role in pharmaceutical exports; the firm's website appears to be down. An executive for Maiden Pharma, which produced the medicine used in Gambia, told an Indian newspaper that the company was shocked and saddened by the deaths. The firm posted a report on its Facebook page claiming that a government drug-testing lab in India had found its syrup to be problem-free; unpersuaded Gambian parliamentarians recommended that Maiden should be prosecuted. Neither firm responded to The Economist's requests for comment.
Both companies are small and privately held. A causal link between their products and the deaths has not been proved. Sample tests in India have so far cleared Maiden of blame; an investigation of Marion has just begun. Yet the incidents have touched a raw nerve in India's vast pharmaceutical industry, where around 10,000 factories operated by 3,000 firms churn out nearly $50bn-worth of drugs a year, accounting for 20% of the world's and 40% of America's generics supply by value.
一桩丑闻撼动了印度制药行业
精听党背景导读
印度制药商喜欢称自己为世界药房，他们对丑闻并不陌生。
2022年，美国食品和药物管理局向四家大型印度公司发出 “进口警告”。通常是在对外国工厂进行检查之后才会发出这种通知，在没有实物证据证明某批货物有问题的情况下，可能会导致对美国的出口被阻。
对偷工减料和质量控制不佳的担忧，是过去几十年来印度制药工业低价崛起的长期负面印象。
文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）作者：Unknown原文标题：A scandal rocks India’s pharmaceutical industry原文发布时间：10 Jan. 2023关键词：印度 仿制药 丑闻
精听党带着问题听
1. 7月至10月间，冈比亚有多少名儿童死于肾衰竭？2. 如何理解第三段的“churn out”？3.“仿制药”用英语如何表达？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
A scandal rocks India’s pharmaceutical industry
一桩丑闻撼动了印度制药行业
rock vt.（使）轻轻摇晃；（使）剧烈摇摆，猛烈晃动；惊吓；使震惊；使害怕；1. The news rocked the world. 这则消息震惊了全世界。
pharmaceutical adj. 制药的；配药的；卖药的；1. the pharmaceutical industry 制药业；2. pharmaceutical products 药物；
段一
It is the stuff of parental nightmares. Between July and October 70 children in Gambia died of kidney failure. In December 18 perished in Uzbekistan from renal problems and acute respiratory disease. In both cases Indian-made cough syrups may have been at fault, according to allegations by a Gambian parliamentary committee and the Uzbek authorities.
nightmare n. 噩梦；
perish vi. 死亡；暴死；1. A family of four perished in the fire. 一家四口死于此次火灾之中。
renal adj. 肾脏的；与肾脏相关的；1. renal failure/kidney failure 肾衰竭；
respiratory adj. 呼吸的；1. the respiratory system 呼吸系统；2. respiratory diseases 呼吸道疾病；
syrup n. 糖水；糖浆；1. cough syrups 止咳糖浆；
at fault 应当负责；有过错；有责任；1. I think the owners are at fault for not warning us. 我认为业主没有提醒我们是有责任的。
参考译文
这是父母的噩梦。7月至10月间，冈比亚有70名儿童死于肾衰竭。12月，乌兹别克斯坦有18人死于肾脏疾病和急性呼吸道疾病。根据冈比亚议会委员会和乌兹别克斯坦当局的指控，在这两起案件中，印度制造的咳嗽糖浆可能都有问题。
段二
The manufacturer in the Uzbek case, Marion Biotech, has been suspended from Pharmexcil, an Indian government-linked trade group that plays a role in pharmaceutical exports; the firm’s website appears to be down. An executive for Maiden Pharma, which produced the medicine used in Gambia, told an Indian newspaper that the company was shocked and saddened by the deaths. The firm posted a report on its Facebook page claiming that a government drug-testing lab in India had found its syrup to be problem-free; unpersuaded Gambian parliamentarians recommended that Maiden should be prosecuted. Neither firm responded to The Economist’s requests for comment.
manufacturer n. 生产者；制造者；生产商；
suspend vt. 暂停；中止；延缓；暂缓；推迟；1. Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out. 在进行安全检查期间生产暂停。
down adj. 停机；停止运行；1. The system was down all morning. 系统整个上午都无法运行。
post vt. 发布，公布，宣布；1. The results will be posted on the Internet. 结果将在互联网上公布。
-free 不含…的；1. a salt-free diet 不含盐的饮食；
prosecute vt. 起诉；控告；检举；1. The company was prosecuted for breaching the Health and Safety Act. 这家公司被控违反《卫生安全条例》。
参考译文
乌兹别克斯坦案件中的制造商马里恩生物技术公司已被印度政府关联的贸易组织Pharmexcil暂停会员资格，该组织在药品出口方面发挥作用；该公司的网站似乎瘫痪了。生产冈比亚使用的药物的梅登制药公司的一名高管告诉一家印度报纸，该公司对死亡事件感到震惊和悲伤。该公司在其Facebook页面上发布了一份报告，声称印度政府的一个药物测试实验室发现其糖浆没有问题；不服气的冈比亚议员建议起诉梅登。两家公司都没有回应《经济学人》的置评请求。
段三
Both companies are small and privately held. A causal link between their products and the deaths has not been proved. Sample tests in India have so far cleared Maiden of blame; an investigation of Marion has just begun. Yet the incidents have touched a raw nerve in India’s vast pharmaceutical industry, where around 10,000 factories operated by 3,000 firms churn out nearly $50bn-worth of drugs a year, accounting for 20% of the world’s and 40% of America’s generics supply by value.
causal adj. 因果关系的，构成原因的；
so far 到目前为止，迄今为止；
a raw nerve 痛处；1. You touched a raw nerve when you mentioned his first wife. 你谈起他的第一个妻子，这就触到了他的痛处。
churn out 快速大量生产；1. He began to churn out literary compositions in English. 他开始用英文创作大量的文学作品。
generic n. 非注册商标的药品；
参考译文
这两家公司都是小型私营企业。他们的产品与死亡之间的因果关系尚未得到证实。到目前为止，印度的样本测试已经证明了梅登无罪;对马里昂的调查才刚刚开始。然而，这些事件触动了印度庞大制药业的痛处。在印度，3000家公司经营的约1万家工厂每年生产价值近500亿美元的药品，占全球仿制药供应量的20%，占美国仿制药供应量的40%。
精听党每日单词
rock
/rɑːk/ vt.（使）轻轻摇晃；（使）剧烈摇摆，猛烈晃动；惊吓；使震惊；使害怕；
pharmaceutical
/ˌfɑːrməˈsuːtɪkl/ adj. 制药的；配药的；卖药的；
nightmare
/ˈnaɪtmer/ n. 噩梦；
perish
/ˈperɪʃ/ vi. 死亡；暴死；
renal
/ˈriːnl/ adj. 肾脏的；与肾脏相关的；
respiratory
/ˈrespərətɔːri/ adj. 呼吸的；
syrup
/ˈsɪrəp/ n. 糖水；糖浆；
at fault
应当负责；有过错；有责任；
manufacturer
/ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərər/ n. 生产者；制造者；生产商；
suspend
/səˈspend/ vt. 暂停；中止；延缓；暂缓；推迟；
down
/daʊn/ adj. 停机；停止运行；
post
/poʊst/ vt. 发布，公布，宣布；
-free
不含…的；
prosecute
/ˈprɑːsɪkjuːt/ vt. 起诉；控告；检举；
causal
/ˈkɔːzl/ adj. 因果关系的，构成原因的；
so far
到目前为止，迄今为止；
a raw nerve
痛处；
churn out
快速大量生产；
generic
/dʒəˈnerɪk/ n. 非注册商标的药品；
精听党文化拓展
印度仿制药市场乱象频发。《印度时报》1月9日报道指出， 有中国卫生专家警告称，中国市场正充斥着印度新冠仿制药的假冒版本。澎湃新闻早前报道指出， 有的Primovir仿制药样本中不含奈玛特韦这一主要成分，这意味着没有治疗效果，是“假药”。
尽管印度有着引以为傲的制药工业，但新冠疫情暴发以来，该国社会便曾出现有关新冠医疗用品造假和诈骗的丑闻。法新社2021年报道称，印度诈骗团伙在药物、氧气瓶、防护设备（PPE）等领域均利用新冠大流行引发的危机为自己牟利，这甚至造成了致命的后果。
比如， 有的网络诈骗者利用当时印度医院的氧气瓶紧缺，以高达205美元（约合人民币1390元）的售价向有需求的民众兜售氧气瓶，并在收到钱款后拒不交货，要求买家提供更多的资金。还有的受害者为购入氧气瓶支付了616美元，却根本拿不到货。还有诈骗团伙将灭火器重新喷漆，作为氧气瓶出售。
一个被印度当局逮捕的犯罪团伙制造并销售了伪造的抗病毒药物“瑞德西韦”（Remdesivir），其生产成本约为每瓶20印度卢比（约合人民币1.65元）， 售价却超过1万卢比（约合人民币823.55元）。
精听党每日美句
The best way out is always through.
一路走到底，你就会发现那个最佳出口。