文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:What California’s deadly storms reveal about the state’s climate future
原文发布时间:12 Jan. 2023
What California's deadly storms reveal about the state's climate future
Few things are as welcome in California as rain. Bemoan an overcast sky and you will inevitably get some version of "We need the moisture" in reply. But when it began to pour on New Year's Eve, kicking off more than a week of storms and interrupting a three-year period of extreme drought, this felt like a release of biblical proportions. The usually placid Los Angeles river raced through its concrete channel towards the Pacific. About 1,000 trees around Sacramento, the state capital, toppled over. As of January 11th, at least 19 people had been killed by winter storms. More than 30m Californians were living under flood warnings. And more wet weather was on the way.
The storms battering California are known as atmospheric rivers, which act as elongated corridors—hundreds to thousands of miles long—that carry water vapour through the atmosphere in a particular direction. Atmospheric rivers usually make landfall on the west coasts of North America, Chile, South Africa, Europe and Australia, explains Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles. At their mildest, the storms can just make for a rainy day.
At their most severe, they rival the hurricanes that clobber America's east coast. California usually gets its winter rain from atmospheric rivers. The difference this year is the high number of storms in quick succession. Once soil is saturated with moisture from one storm, it needs time to recover before it can absorb more rain. But this time the storms came one after another.
加州的致命风暴揭示了该州的气候未来
精听党背景导读
据 CNBC 报道,美国总统拜登于周一宣布加州进入紧急状态。自上周以来,一系列的致命冬季风暴导致该州大面积停电和洪水泛滥。
报道称,在过去的 10 天里,加州的极端暴雨、大风和山洪暴发已造成至少 12 人死亡,并导致全州数十万家庭和企业停电。美国国家气象局预报警告称,未来几天加州还将遭遇“持续不断的气旋”,这将加剧该州中部和北部地区发生洪水的风险。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:What California’s deadly storms reveal about the state’s climate future原文发布时间:12 Jan. 2023关键词:加州 暴雨 气候变化
精听党带着问题听
1. 如何理解第一段的“kick off”?2. 大气河流是什么?3.“水蒸气”用英语可以如何表达?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
What California’s deadly storms reveal about the state’s climate future: Climate change will intensify wet and dry periods in the Golden State
加州的致命风暴揭示了该州的气候未来:气候变化将加剧加州的雨季和旱季
deadly storms 致命的风暴;
reveal vt. 揭示,透露;表明,证明;
intensify vt. 加剧,增强;1. intensify colors 加深色彩;
the Golden State 金州;加州;
段一
Few things are as welcome in California as rain. Bemoan an overcast sky and you will inevitably get some version of “We need the moisture” in reply. But when it began to pour on New Year’s Eve, kicking off more than a week of storms and interrupting a three-year period of extreme drought, this felt like a release of biblical proportions. The usually placid Los Angeles river raced through its concrete channel towards the Pacific. About 1,000 trees around Sacramento, the state capital, toppled over. As of January 11th, at least 19 people had been killed by winter storms. More than 30m Californians were living under flood warnings. And more wet weather was on the way.
as welcome as 和…一样受欢迎;1. Few things are as welcome in London as sunlight. 在伦敦,没有什么比阳光更受欢迎的了。
bemoan vt. 哀叹;悲叹;哀怨;1. Bemoan a lot in 2022, but strive to be happy in 2023. 如果你在2022年哀怨了很多,那么在2023年就尽可能让自己快乐。
overcast adj. 阴天的,阴暗的;愁闷的;1. overcast weather 阴天;阴云密布;
inevitably adv. 不可避免地,必然地;意料之中;1. Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment. 技术变革将必然导致失业。
version n.(电影、剧本、乐曲等的)版本,改编形式;(从不同角度的)说法;描述;1. original version 原著;原始版本;原始著作;原版片;
moisture n. 潮气,水分;1. moisture content 含水量;含水率;水分;2. soil moisture 土壤水分;土壤湿度;土壤含水率;
pour vi.(雨)倾盆而下;1. pour into 滚滚不息;灌注;灌输;倒入;
kick off (使)开始;
biblical adj.《圣经》中的,有关《圣经》的;宏大的,大规模的;
placid adj. 平静的;温和的;沉着的;1. Go placidly amid the noise and the haste,and remember what peace there may be in silence. 在喧闹之中要保持平静,并且知道在沉默之中拥有着无尽的平和。
concrete adj. 确实的,具体的;实在的,有形的;混凝土的;坚固的;1. concrete channel 混凝土渠道;混合土河道;
topple over 推翻;倒塌;
as of 截至;到…时候为止;
参考译文
在加利福尼亚,没有什么比下雨更受欢迎的了。哀叹阴云密布的天空,你就会不可避免地得到一些“我们需要水分”的回答。但当新年前夜开始下起倾盆大雨时,一场持续了一个多星期的暴风雨拉开了序幕,这也中断了持续三年的极度干旱,这感觉像是圣经中那些宏大规模的释放。通常平静的洛杉矶河穿过坚固的河道,奔向太平洋。该州首府萨克拉门托周围约有1000棵树倒塌。截至1月11日,至少有19人在冬季风暴中丧生。超过3000万的加利福尼亚人生活在洪水警报之下。更多的潮湿天气即将到来。
段二
The storms battering California are known as atmospheric rivers, which act as elongated corridors—hundreds to thousands of miles long—that carry water vapour through the atmosphere in a particular direction. Atmospheric rivers usually make landfall on the west coasts of North America, Chile, South Africa, Europe and Australia, explains Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles. At their mildest, the storms can just make for a rainy day.
batter vt. 接连猛打;殴打,毒打;肆虐,严重破坏;
atmospheric adj. 大气(层)的,有关大气的;1. atmospheric rivers 大气河流;2. atmospheric pressure 气压;大气压力;
elongated adj. 细长的,拉长了的,偏长的;
corridor n.(建筑物或火车内的)通道,过道;(一国领土通过他国境内的)走廊;狭长地带;
water vapour 水蒸气;
make landfall 登陆;
参考译文
袭击加州的风暴被称为大气河流,它们就像一条狭长的走廊——长达数百至数千英里——将水蒸气带到大气中的特定方向。加州大学洛杉矶分校(University of California,Los Angeles)的气候科学家丹尼尔·斯温(Daniel Swain)解释说,大气河流通常在北美的西海岸、智利、南非、欧洲和澳大利亚登陆。在最温和的时候,暴风雨只会带来雨天。
段三
At their most severe, they rival the hurricanes that clobber America’s east coast. California usually gets its winter rain from atmospheric rivers. The difference this year is the high number of storms in quick succession. Once soil is saturated with moisture from one storm, it needs time to recover before it can absorb more rain. But this time the storms came one after another.
rival vt. 与……相匹敌,比得上;
hurricane n. 飓风;
clobber vt. 击倒;痛打;
succession n. 连续不断的人(物);1. in succession 连续地;接连地;
saturate vt. 使湿透,浸透;使充满,使饱和;1. be saturated with 被……所饱和;充满着;
be saturated with misleading advertisement 充斥着误导性的广告;
absorb vt. 吸收;使并入,纳入;同化,汲取;1. absorb knowledge 吸取知识;掌握知识;
参考译文
在最严重的时候,它们可以与袭击美国东海岸的飓风相媲美。加州的冬季雨水通常来自大气河流。今年的不同之处在于接二连三的风暴数量很多。一旦土壤在一场暴风雨中水分饱和,它需要时间恢复,才能吸收更多的雨水。但这一次,风暴接踵而至。
精听党每日单词
deadly storms
致命的风暴;
reveal
/rɪˈviːl/ vt. 揭示,透露;表明,证明;
intensify
/ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ/ vt. 加剧,增强;
the Golden State
金州;加州;
as welcome as
和…一样受欢迎;
bemoan
/bɪˈmoʊn/ vt. 哀叹;悲叹;哀怨;
overcast
/ˌoʊvərˈkæst/ adj. 阴天的,阴暗的;愁闷的;
inevitably
/ɪnˈevɪtəbli/ adv. 不可避免地,必然地;意料之中;
version
/ˈvɜːrʒ(ə)n/ n.(电影、剧本、乐曲等的)版本,改编形式;(从不同角度的)说法;描述;
moisture
/ˈmɔɪstʃər/ n. 潮气,水分;
pour
/pɔːr/ vi.(雨)倾盆而下;
kick off
(使)开始;
biblical
/ˈbɪblɪkl/ adj.《圣经》中的,有关《圣经》的;宏大的,大规模的;
placid
/ˈplæsɪd/ adj. 平静的;温和的;沉着的;
concrete
/ˈkɑːnkriːt/ adj. 确实的,具体的;实在的,有形的;混凝土的;坚固的;
topple over
推翻;倒塌;
as of
截至;到…时候为止;
rival
/ˈraɪv(ə)l/ vt. 与……相匹敌,比得上;
hurricane
/ˈhɜːrəkeɪn/ n. 飓风;
clobber
/ˈklɑːbər/ vt. 击倒;痛打;
succession
/səkˈseʃ(ə)n/ n. 连续不断的人(物);
saturate
/ˈsætʃəreɪt/ vt. 使湿透,浸透;使充满,使饱和;
absorb
/əbˈzɔːrb/ vt. 吸收;使并入,纳入;同化,汲取;
精听党文化拓展
报道称,美国当局担心,在包括蒙特西托及周边地区在内的17个加利福尼亚地区,自去年12月下旬以来的一系列暴雨可能会在因野火失去植被的山坡上引发致命的泥石流。
蒙特西托有将近9000名居民,其中包括脱口秀主持人奥普拉·温弗里和英国哈里王子与妻子梅根等名人。蒙特西托消防部门称,蒙特西托的所有地区、圣巴巴拉及卡平特里亚和萨默兰部分地区都被下令立即疏散,因为存在发生泥石流的风险。
沿加利福尼亚中部海岸向北,约1.4万人9日早些时候被下令从圣克鲁斯县的四个社区撤离,这些社区被山洪暴发、极端潮汐和当地山区的大量径流淹没。
专家称,这类风暴的频率和强度越来越高,加上极端的、持续的干旱,将增加管理加利福尼亚州宝贵的水资源的挑战,同时将给努力降低发生洪水、泥石流和野火的更大风险带来挑战。
圣诞节后的六次风暴伴随着重创海滨社区的汹涌海浪以及猛烈的大风,将数千棵因长期干旱而衰弱的树木连根拔起。
美国国家气象局警告说,最新的冲击将影响加利福尼亚州3900万居民中的大部分人,预计未来几天,海岸附近将有多达5英寸(约合12.7厘米)的额外降水,内华达山脉将有超过1英尺(约合30.5厘米)的降雪。
大风严重破坏了该州的电网,导致成千上万加利福尼亚人断电。全美停电信息网的数据显示,截至9日上午,约有12万户家庭和企业断电。
精听党每日美句
All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。