每日英语听力外刊精读20230915:种族健康差异:是什么在杀害英国白人?


文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:What is killing white Britons?
原文发布时间:12 Sept. 2023
What is killing white Britons?
Troubling racial disparities are well known to those who look at health outcomes. A black woman in Britain, for example, is four times likelier to die in pregnancy or labour than a white woman. A man of Bangladeshi ethnicity spends, on average, a decade less in good health than a white man. When the covid-19 virus struck, it killed ethnic minorities at twice the rate of white people. It is surprising, however, that—despite the effects of covid—white Britons die at higher rates overall than any ethnic group.
Evidence for that comes from new research by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), gathered to assist an attempt by the government to slow a surge in Britons getting sick and dying young. By linking death records to data from the 2021 census, statisticians have been able to analyse death rates by ethnic group, cause and other variables. They looked at the period from March 2021 to January 2023.
Death rates, when adjusted for age, proved to be lowest among the Chinese, Black Africans and the "Other" categories. They were high among those who were of mixed and Bangladeshi ethnicity, and highest of all among the white British. These were expressed in age-standardised rates per 100,000 person-years, meaning that of 100,000 white Britons who were tracked for a year, some 1,013 would die. Native Britons also seem to be more compelled than others to engage in behaviours that could damage their health. More white Britons report drinking harmful levels of alcohol than do black or Asian Britons. They also smoke more–with the exception of Bangladeshi men who, the data show, also die at higher rates from lung cancer.
种族健康差异:是什么在杀害英国白人?

精听党背景导读
近期,《美国医学会杂志》发表的一份研究报告,引发美国各大媒体争相报道。
这项由耶鲁大学医学院专家小组进行的最新研究显示,1999年至2020年的20多年里,美国非洲裔的死亡率一直居高不下,有大约163万非裔“超额死亡”,其中包括99.7万名非洲裔男性和62.8万名非洲裔女性,寿命累计损失超过8000万年。
特别是在2020年新冠疫情暴发的第一年,美国非裔超额死亡人数显著高于前几年,与白人间的健康差距进一步加大。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:What is killing white Britons?原文发布时间:12 Sept. 2023关键词:种族 差异 死亡
精听党带着问题听
1.“种族差异”用英语可以怎么表达?2. 如何理解段一中的“in good health”?3. 在根据年龄进行调整后,死亡率最高的类别是什么?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
What is killing white Britons?
是什么在杀害英国白人?
Briton
 n. 英国人;大不列颠人;
段一
Troubling racial disparities are well known to those who look at health outcomes. A black woman in Britain, for example, is four times likelier to die in pregnancy or labour than a white woman. A man of Bangladeshi ethnicity spends, on average, a decade less in good health than a white man. When the covid-19 virus struck, it killed ethnic minorities at twice the rate of white people. It is surprising, however, that—despite the effects of covid—white Britons die at higher rates overall than any ethnic group.
troubling adj. 令人不安的; 令人烦恼的;
racial disparity 种族差异;1. disparity n. 明显差异;不一致;
be well known to 众所周知;
labour n. 分娩,临盆;
Bangladeshi adj. 孟加拉的;
ethnicity n. 种族渊源,种族特点;
on average 基本上;平均起来;
ethnic adj.(有关)种族的,民族的;
minority n. 少数民族,少数群体;
参考译文
对于那些关注健康结果的人来说,令人不安的种族差异是众所周知的。例如,在英国,黑人女性因怀孕或分娩而死亡的可能性是白人女性的四倍。孟加拉裔男性的健康寿命平均比白人少十年。新冠肺炎病毒来袭时,少数民族死亡的速度是白人的两倍。然而,令人惊讶的是,尽管受到新冠病毒的影响,英国白人的总体死亡率高于任何族裔。
段二
Evidence for that comes from new research by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), gathered to assist an attempt by the government to slow a surge in Britons getting sick and dying young. By linking death records to data from the 2021 census, statisticians have been able to analyse death rates by ethnic group, cause and other variables. They looked at the period from March 2021 to January 2023.
Office for National Statistics (英国)国家统计局;
assist vt. 帮助,协助;
surge n. 激增,猛增;(风、水等的)奔涌,汹涌;
get sick 生病;
census n.(官方的)统计,人口普查;
statistician n. 统计学家,统计员;
variable n. 变量;可变因素;
参考译文
这一点的证据来自英国国家统计局的一项新研究,该研究旨在帮助政府减缓英国人过早患病和死亡的激增。通过将死亡记录与2021年人口普查的数据联系起来,统计学家能够按种族、死因和其他变量分析死亡率。他们研究了2021年3月至2023年1月这段时间。
段三
Death rates, when adjusted for age, proved to be lowest among the Chinese, Black Africans and the “Other” categories. They were high among those who were of mixed and Bangladeshi ethnicity, and highest of all among the white British. These were expressed in age-standardised rates per 100,000 person-years, meaning that of 100,000 white Britons who were tracked for a year, some 1,013 would die. Native Britons also seem to be more compelled than others to engage in behaviours that could damage their health. More white Britons report drinking harmful levels of alcohol than do black or Asian Britons. They also smoke more–with the exception of Bangladeshi men who, the data show, also die at higher rates from lung cancer.
adjust for age 按年龄调整;
mixed adj. 不同种族(或宗教)混合的;
age-standardised adj. 年龄标化的;
person-years n. 人工作年;人年数;
track vt. 跟踪,追踪;
compel vt. 迫使;
engage in 参与;从事;1. He likes to engage in outdoor activities such as hiking and camping. 他喜欢参与户外活动,比如徒步和露营。
Asian Britons 亚裔英国人;
exception n. 例外,除外;
参考译文
在根据年龄进行调整后,在中国人、非洲黑人和“其他”类别中死亡率最低。死亡率在混血和孟加拉裔人群中的比例很高,在英国白人中死亡率最高。这是以每10万人年的年龄标准化比率表示的,这意味着在对10万名英国白人进行了一年的跟踪调查后,约有1013人死亡。土生土长的英国人似乎也比其他人更容易被迫从事可能损害他们健康的行为。与黑人或亚裔英国人相比,有更多的英国白人报告说,他们的饮酒量对健康有害。他们也吸烟更多。数据显示,除孟加拉国男性外,他们死于肺癌的比例也更高。
精听党每日单词
Briton
 /ˈbrɪtn/ n. 英国人;大不列颠人;
troubling
 /ˈtrʌblɪŋ/ adj. 令人不安的; 令人烦恼的;
racial disparity
 种族差异;
be well known to
 众所周知;
labour
 /ˈleɪbər/ n. 分娩,临盆;
Bangladeshi
 /ˌbæŋɡləˈdeʃi/ adj. 孟加拉的;
ethnicity
 /eθˈnɪsəti/ n. 种族渊源,种族特点;
on average
 基本上;平均起来;
ethnic
 /ˈeθnɪk/ adj.(有关)种族的,民族的;
minority
 /maɪˈnɔːrəti/ n.少数民族,少数群体;
Office for National Statistics
 (英国)国家统计局;
assist
 /əˈsɪst/ vt. 帮助,协助;
surge
 /sɜːrdʒ/ n. 激增,猛增;(风、水等的)奔涌,汹涌;
get sick
 生病;
census
 /ˈsensəs/ n.(官方的)统计,人口普查;
statistician
 /ˌstætɪˈstɪʃn/ n. 统计学家,统计员;
variable
 /ˈveriəb(ə)l/ n. 变量;可变因素;
adjust for age
 按年龄调整;
mixed
 /mɪkst/ adj. 不同种族(或宗教)混合的;
age-standardised
 /eɪdʒ ˈstændərdaɪzd/ adj. 年龄标化的;
person-years
 /ˈpɜːrsn jɪrz/ n. 人工作年;人年数;
track
 /træk/ vt. 跟踪,追踪;
compel
 /kəmˈpel/ vt. 迫使;
engage in
 参与;从事;
Asian Britons
 亚裔英国人;
exception
 /ɪkˈsepʃn/ n. 例外,除外;
精听党文化拓展
早有大量调查发现,美国根深蒂固的系统性种族主义,是让越来越多的非洲裔过早失去生命的罪魁祸首。仅在美国医疗系统中,长期存在的隐性和显性种族歧视就导致同样的疾病“杀死”了更多的非洲裔。
《美国国家科学院院刊》曾发表的一份报告显示,美国医院开给非洲裔患者的止痛药要比白人患者少,因为很多白人医护人员错误地认为,“非洲裔患者的痛苦没有白人患者那么严重”。《新英格兰医学杂志》的文章进一步指出,非裔等少数族裔得到的医疗护理质量要比白人患者差40%,而这种不平等待遇一定程度上是基于“长期存在的种族主义文化信仰和实践”。
根据美国癌症协会发布的最新数据,非洲裔男性和女性更容易死于前列腺癌、子宫癌和乳腺癌。
美国广播公司报道:根据这份新报告,前列腺癌患者的生存期差距尤其明显,非洲裔男性前列腺癌的死亡率比其他所有种族高出两到三倍;而在乳腺癌和子宫癌中,种族差异也很明显,非洲裔女性死于乳腺癌的可能性比白人女性高40%。
美国疾控中心的数据还显示,美国非洲裔死于心脏病的可能性比白人高30%;非洲裔女性在怀孕期间和怀孕后死亡的比率是白人女性的2.6倍。
精听党每日美句
"Do not let making a living prevent you from making a life." - John Wooden
“不要让谋生耽误你创造生活。”——约翰·伍登
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