The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:Britain's newest islets are made of wet wipes
原文发布时间:31 Jan. 2023
Britain's newest islets are made of wet wipes
The British isles is acquiring some new additions. These nascent islets are not made of granite or limestone, but of agglomerations of wet wipes and mud. The largest is a metre deep, spans the width of two tennis courts and sits at a bend in the Thames by Hammersmith Bridge in London. It was measured last summer by volunteers from Thames21, a charity, which has been tracing the formation of such monstrosities for seven years. It reckons that there are at least nine wet-wipe islets in the Thames, and that smaller ones may be forming in the bends of other rivers.
Britons dispose of 11bn wet wipes a year. They clean the nation's babies and homes, and help disinfect its hospitals and care homes. But they also block sewers when they are flushed: a report in 2017 by Water UK, an industry body, found that wipes made up 93% of the material obstructing sewers. Even those that claim to be "biodegradable" do not necessarily decompose quickly enough to avoid clogging waterways. And some 90% of them contain microplastics, which leach into water and into the digestive systems of fish and humans (Britons manage to ingest a credit-card-size piece of plastic each week, according to the World Wildlife Fund).
A few retailers, such as Tesco and Boots, have put a stop to the sale of all wipes that contain plastic. And alternative products are emerging. Wype, a natural gel that is applied to toilet paper, is the invention of Giorgia Granata, an Italian expat mourning Britain's lack of bidets. FlushAway is a dissolvable wipe.
英国最新发现的湿巾小岛
精听党背景导读
一座有两个网球场那么大的小岛“改变了”了泰晤士河的河道,而这座小岛是用湿巾建造的。活动人士定期梳理汉默史密斯桥附近河岸上的淤泥,在那里他们发现每平方米多达150块湿纸巾。根据工党议员弗勒·安德森的说法,英国每年使用110亿“一次性”产品,给环境造成了难以估量的问题,并因堵塞管道造成了高达1亿英镑的破坏。政府正在考虑禁止使用湿纸巾。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:Britain's newest islets are made of wet wipes原文发布时间:31 Jan. 2023关键词:湿巾 岛屿 塑料
精听党带着问题听
1. 用英文如何表达“阻塞下水道”?2. 据文章内容,英国人每年要扔掉多少湿巾?3. 乔治娅·格拉纳塔(Giorgia Granata)因为什么发明的“Wype”?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Britain's newest islets are made of wet wipes
英国最新发现的湿巾小岛
islet n. 小岛,非常小的岛屿;
be made of 由…所组成;由…造成;
wipe n. (湿)抹布,纸巾;1. wet wipes 湿纸巾;湿巾;手口专用柔湿巾;
段一
The British isles is acquiring some new additions. These nascent islets are not made of granite or limestone, but of agglomerations of wet wipes and mud. The largest is a metre deep, spans the width of two tennis courts and sits at a bend in the Thames by Hammersmith Bridge in London. It was measured last summer by volunteers from Thames21, a charity, which has been tracing the formation of such monstrosities for seven years. It reckons that there are at least nine wet-wipe islets in the Thames, and that smaller ones may be forming in the bends of other rivers.
isle n.(常用于诗歌和名称中)岛;1. British Isles 不列颠群岛;
acquire vt. 获得,得到;
addition n. 增加物,新增人员;
nascent adj. 新兴的,新生的;萌芽的;
granite n. 花岗岩;花岗石;1. n. 坚毅;冷酷无情;
a heart of granite 铁石心肠;someone with granite determination 有坚定决心的人;
limestone n. 石灰岩;
agglomeration n. (杂乱聚集的)团,块,堆;聚集;1. fatberg n. 油脂块;
mud n. 泥,淤泥,泥浆;
span vt. 横跨;跨越;1. The Thames is spanned by many bridges. 泰晤士河上有很多座桥。2. a bridge that spans 22 meters across a river 一座跨度达22米的桥;
width n. 宽度,广度;
bend n. (道路或河流的)拐弯,弯道;1. to take a bend 转弯;
Thames n. (伦敦的)泰晤士河;1. River Thames 泰晤士河;
Hammersmith Bridge 汉默史密斯桥;1. Hammersmith Bridge is a suspension bridge that crosses the River Thames in west London. 汉默史密斯大桥是横跨伦敦西部泰晤士河的一座吊桥。
charity n. 慈善组织,慈善机构;
trace vt. 查出;找到;发现;追踪;
formation n. 组成物;形成物;
monstrosity n. 巨大而丑陋之物(尤指建筑);
reckon vt. 估算,计算;1. What do you reckon? 你觉得呢?2. to be reckoned to do sth. 估计要做某事;
参考译文
不列颠群岛正不断出现一些新生事物。这些新出现的小岛不是花岗岩或石灰石构成的,而是由湿纸巾和泥浆堆积而成。其中最大的坐落在伦敦泰晤士河段的一个拐弯处,毗邻伦敦汉默史密斯大桥,高达一米,有两个网球场的宽度。此数据由慈善机构Thames21的志愿者于去年夏天测量,该机构追踪这类奇形怪状东西的形成已有7年之久。据估计,泰晤士河至少有9个湿巾小岛,那些较小的可能出现在其他沿途河流的拐弯处。
段二
Britons dispose of 11bn wet wipes a year. They clean the nation's babies and homes, and help disinfect its hospitals and care homes. But they also block sewers when they are flushed: a report in 2017 by Water UK, an industry body, found that wipes made up 93% of the material obstructing sewers. Even those that claim to be "biodegradable" do not necessarily decompose quickly enough to avoid clogging waterways. And some 90% of them contain microplastics, which leach into water and into the digestive systems of fish and humans (Britons manage to ingest a credit-card-size piece of plastic each week, according to the World Wildlife Fund).
Briton n. 英国人;1. the ancient Britons 古英国人;
dispose vi. 处理;处置;1. the difficulties of disposing of nuclear waste 处理核废料的困难;
disinfect vt. 给…消毒;
block vt. 阻塞,堵塞(道路、管道等);
sewer n. 下水道;1. sewer pipe 污水管;下水管;
flush vt. 冲(抽水马桶);1. flush the toilet 冲厕所;2. to flush a pipe with water 用水冲洗管道;
Water UK 英国水协;
obstruct vt. 阻塞;
claim to be 自称,号称;
biodegradable adj. 可生物降解的;
clog vt. 阻塞,堵塞;1. to be clogged with dirt 被污垢堵塞;
waterway n. 水路;航道;排水沟;
microplastic n. 微塑料,塑料微粒;
leach vi. 过滤;滤去;1. to leach A from B 从B中过滤出A;2. leach into 浸入,渗入;
leach into people's consciousness 渗入人们的意识;浸到人们的意识;
digestive adj. 消化的,与消化有关的;1. digestive systems 消化系统;
manage to 设法;达成;
ingest vt. 摄入;食入;咽下;
World Wildlife Fund 世界野生动物基金会;
参考译文
英国人每年要扔掉110亿张湿巾。在当地,湿巾被用来清洁婴儿和打扫家庭卫生,医院和养老院也会用它消毒。但冲马桶时,它们也会堵塞下水道:英国水务行业协会(Water UK)2017年的一份报告发现,在堵塞下水道的物质中,湿巾占93%。即使那些号称是“可生物降解的”湿巾,降解速度也不一定快到可以避免堵塞下水道。这些湿巾中大约90%含有塑料纤维,这些微塑料会侵入水中,进入鱼类包括人类的消化系统(根据世界野生动物基金会的数据,英国人每周会摄入一块信用卡大小的塑料)。
段三
A few retailers, such as Tesco and Boots, have put a stop to the sale of all wipes that contain plastic. And alternative products are emerging. Wype, a natural gel that is applied to toilet paper, is the invention of Giorgia Granata, an Italian expat mourning Britain's lack of bidets. FlushAway is a dissolvable wipe.
retailer n. 零售商,零售店;
Tesco n. 特斯科,乐购(财富500强公司之一);
Boots n. 博姿(英国健康美容药妆老店);
put a stop to 制止;停止;
alternative adj. 可供选择的, 可供替代的;
gel n. 凝胶;
apply vt. 应用,运用;1. apply to 适用于;应用于;2. be applied to 应用于;施加于;
expat n. 旅居国外者,侨民;
mourn vt.(因失去…而)哀悼,忧伤;
lack of 没有,缺乏;不足,不够;
bidet n. 坐浴盆;
dissolvable adj. 可溶解的;可分解的;可解散的;
参考译文
像一些乐购(Tesco)和博姿(Boots)这样的零售商,已停止销售所有含塑料的湿巾。替代产品开始频频出现。乔治娅·格拉纳塔(Giorgia Granata)是居住在英国的意大利人,英国坐浴盆的普及程度让她倍感忧伤,于是发明了一种用于卫生纸的天然凝胶Wype。FlushAway则是一款可溶解的湿巾。
精听党每日单词
islet
/ˈaɪlət/ n. 小岛,非常小的岛屿;
be made of
由…所组成;由…造成;
wipe
/waɪp/ n. (湿)抹布,纸巾;
isle
/aɪl/ n.(常用于诗歌和名称中)岛;
acquire
/əˈkwaɪər/ vt. 获得,得到;
addition
/əˈdɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 增加物,新增人员;
nascent
/ˈneɪs(ə)nt/ adj. 新兴的,新生的;萌芽的;
granite
/ˈɡrænɪt/ n. 花岗岩;花岗石;
limestone
/ˈlaɪmstoʊn/ n. 石灰岩;
agglomeration
/əˌɡlɑːməˈreɪʃn/ n. (杂乱聚集的)团,块,堆;聚集;
mud
/mʌd/ n. 泥,淤泥,泥浆;
span
/spæn/ vt. 横跨;跨越;
width
/wɪdθ/ n. 宽度,广度;
bend
/bend/ n. (道路或河流的)拐弯,弯道;
Thames
/temz/ n. (伦敦的)泰晤士河;
Hammersmith Bridge
汉默史密斯桥;
charity
/ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善组织,慈善机构;
trace
/treɪs/ vt. 查出;找到;发现;追踪;
formation
/fɔːrˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 组成物;形成物;
monstrosity
/mɑːnˈstrɑːsəti/ n. 巨大而丑陋之物(尤指建筑);
reckon
/ˈrekən/ vt. 估算,计算;
Briton
/ˈbrɪtn/ n. 英国人;
dispose
/dɪˈspoʊz/ vi. 处理;处置;
disinfect
/ˌdɪsɪnˈfekt/ vt. 给…消毒;
block
/blɑːk/ vt. 阻塞,堵塞(道路、管道等);
sewer
/ˈsuːər/ n. 下水道;
flush
/flʌʃ/ vt. 冲(抽水马桶);
Water UK
英国水协;
obstruct
/əbˈstrʌkt/ vt. 阻塞;
claim to be
自称,号称;
biodegradable
/ˌbaɪoʊdɪˈɡreɪdəb(ə)l/ adj. 可生物降解的;
clog
/klɑːɡ/ vt. 阻塞,堵塞;
waterway
/ˈwɔːtərweɪ/ n. 水路;航道;排水沟;
microplastic
/ˈmaɪkroʊplæstɪk/ n. 微塑料,塑料微粒;
leach
/liːtʃ/ vi. 过滤;滤去;
digestive
/daɪˈdʒestɪv/ adj. 消化的,与消化有关的;
manage to
设法;达成;
ingest
/ɪnˈdʒest/ vt. 摄入;食入;咽下;
World Wildlife Fund
世界野生动物基金会;
retailer
/ˈriːteɪlər/ n. 零售商,零售店;
Tesco
/teskəu/ n. 特斯科,乐购(财富500强公司之一);
Boots
/bu:ts/ n. 博姿(英国健康美容药妆老店);
put a stop to
制止;停止;
alternative
/ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/ adj. 可供选择的, 可供替代的;
gel
/dʒel/ n. 凝胶;
apply
/əˈplaɪ/ vt. 应用,运用;
expat
/ˌeksˈpæt/ n. 旅居国外者,侨民;
mourn
/mɔːrn/ vt.(因失去…而)哀悼,忧伤;
lack of
没有,缺乏;不足,不够;
bidet
/bɪˈdeɪ/ n. 坐浴盆;
dissolvable
/dɪˈzɑlvəbl/ adj. 可溶解的;可分解的;可解散的;
精听党文化拓展
在下议院就环境、食品和农村事务提问时,安德森女士告诉议员们:“全国各地仍在使用数十亿含塑料的湿巾,造成环境破坏,堵塞我们的下水道。”她补充说:“有一个岛有两个网球场那么大,我去过并站在上面——它靠近泰晤士河的汉默史密斯桥,在湿纸巾的地方有1米深或更多。它实际上改变了泰晤士河的河道。”她说,湿纸巾公司能够用其他材料来替代塑料,并补充说:“这完全有可能……还有竹子等生物降解的替代品。”安德森女士指出了目前“令人困惑的包装”,并补充说:“这就是为什么禁止在湿巾生产中使用任何塑料制品非常重要……这让公众感到非常困惑,他们希望做正确的事情。”
环境部长丽贝卡·波(Rebecca Pow)问,如果公众确实需要使用湿巾,他们不会把湿巾冲进厕所。当被问及下议院的禁令时,她说:“我们正在研究细节,当然,我们必须确保,如果一项禁令出台,它不会产生连锁反应,导致类似的问题,因为即使其他湿纸巾可能被认为适合冲洗,它们仍然会卡在下水道里,所以我们必须注意所有这些。”
研究人员曾发现,英国泰晤士河里的螃蟹摄入了“惊人”数量的塑料,并可能将这些塑料传递给其他海洋物种。一个英国的研究小组调查了这条河的55只食草蟹和57只绒螯蟹,发现几乎每只河蟹的胃、肠或鳃里都有塑料。大部分的塑料在胃里被紧紧地缠绕在一起,在一些相对较小的螃蟹胃里,塑料纤维几乎完全填满了胃部。
伦敦自然历史博物馆的亚历山德拉·麦戈兰(Alexandra McGoran)表示:“令人特别震惊的是,塑料不仅填满了胃,而且每只螃蟹中含有100多根塑料纤维,所以它们受到了高度污染。”McGoran说,在减少泰晤士河和其他河流的塑料污染方面,每个人都应该负责。她说,在泰晤士河的一段,在伦敦西部哈默史密斯的河岸上,用丢弃的湿纸巾做成的“珊瑚礁”在一年内就长高了1米。那里的志愿者一天内就找到了两万多块湿巾。
精听党每日美句
Life is a sail trip full of chances and challenges.
人生的航行充满了机遇与挑战。