文本选自：The Guardian（卫报）
作者：Hannah Devlin
原文标题：Could scientists reverse male pattern baldness?
原文发布时间：1 Oct. 2023
Could scientists reverse male pattern baldness?
Paul Kemp's introduction to the issue of baldness came as a rude awakening while getting a haircut at the age of 20. "I remember my hairdresser looking down and saying 'Oh my God, you're going bald on top'." Kemp, now in his 60s, was dismayed at the discovery, but it also marked the beginning of a lifelong professional interest in the science of hair loss and how to stop it. Kemp is the co-founder and chief executive officer of HairClone, a company that is developing an experimental cell therapy treatment for male pattern baldness and whose tagline is "making hair loss history".
Male pattern baldness affects around 85% of men by the age of 50 and losing hair can be a source of anxiety and low self-esteem. There are drugs that can slow hair loss, transplants to redistribute hair around the head, or strategic hairstyles to disguise receding hairlines and bald spots. Nothing exists to reverse the process, but that could be set to change.
In recent years, scientists have discovered that baldness has its origin in the loss of specialised skin cells, called dermal papillae, that line the base of hair follicles. These cells are crucial for regulating hair thickness, growth, texture and possibly even colour. But in some men, these cells are progressively killed off by dihydrotestosterone, the hormone that causes the male body to mature during puberty. "You have about 1,000 of these dermal papilla cells per hair," says Kemp. "The more dermal papilla cells, the thicker the hair shaft. When you get down to around half that number, you'll notice the hair thinning."
科学家能逆转男性秃顶吗？
精听党背景导读
男性脱发是男性型脱发的俗称，也称雄激素源性脱发(AGA) ，在男性中十分常见，具遗传倾向。男性型脱发患者的头发往往先从前额两侧及顶部开始变得稀疏，导致前额发际线后退。脱发部位的正常头发被细的绒毛所替代，最终这些绒毛也脱落致使秃发面积逐渐扩大。
现代生活的快节奏，让不少男性开始面临前所未有的压力。有调查数据显示全球年届50的男性中超过50%的人患有男性型脱发，男性脱发在我国的患病率为15.73%～19.75%。
文本选自：The Guardian（卫报）作者：Hannah Devlin原文标题：Could scientists reverse male pattern baldness?原文发布时间：1 Oct. 2023关键词：男性 脱发 治疗
精听党带着问题听
1.“如梦初醒”用英语可以怎么表达？2. 如何理解段三中的“puberty”？3. 秃顶的起源是什么？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Could scientists reverse male pattern baldness?
科学家能逆转男性秃顶吗？
reverse vt. 逆转，彻底改变（决定、政策、趋势等）；1. Scientists are trying to reverse the effects of climate change.科学家们正试图扭转气候变化的影响。
male pattern baldness 男性型秃顶；1. baldness n. 光秃；率直；枯燥；
段一
Paul Kemp’s introduction to the issue of baldness came as a rude awakening while getting a haircut at the age of 20. “I remember my hairdresser looking down and saying ‘Oh my God, you’re going bald on top’.” Kemp, now in his 60s, was dismayed at the discovery, but it also marked the beginning of a lifelong professional interest in the science of hair loss and how to stop it. Kemp is the co-founder and chief executive officer of HairClone, a company that is developing an experimental cell therapy treatment for male pattern baldness and whose tagline is “making hair loss history”.
rude awakening （对不愉快之事的）猛然觉醒；突然觉醒；如梦初醒；当头一棒；1. The sudden economic downturn was a rude awakening for investors. 突然的经济衰退对投资者来说是一个突然的觉醒。
haircut n. 理发；发型；
dismayed adj. 担心的；失望的；1. He was dismayed at the news of his friend’s illness. 听到朋友生病的消息，他很沮丧。
lifelong adj. 终身的；
professional interest 职业兴趣；专业兴趣；1. His professional interest in astronomy led him to build his own telescope. 他对天文学的专业兴趣促使他自己制作了望远镜。
co-founder n. 共同创立者；联合创始人；
tagline n. 标语；品牌口号；
参考译文
保罗·肯普在20岁理发时突然意识到秃顶的问题。“我记得我的理发师低头看着我说，‘天哪，你头顶都要秃了。’”现年60多岁的肯普对这一发现感到沮丧，但这也标志着他开始对脱发科学以及如何阻止脱发产生终身的专业兴趣。肯普是HairClone公司的联合创始人兼首席执行官，该公司正在开发一种实验性细胞疗法，用于治疗男性型脱发，其口号是“让脱发成为历史”。
段二
Male pattern baldness affects around 85% of men by the age of 50 and losing hair can be a source of anxiety and low self-esteem. There are drugs that can slow hair loss, transplants to redistribute hair around the head, or strategic hairstyles to disguise receding hairlines and bald spots. Nothing exists to reverse the process, but that could be set to change.
anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑；令人焦虑的事；1. The thought of speaking in public fills her with anxiety. 一想到要在公众面前讲话，她就感到焦虑。
transplant n. （器官、皮肤等的）移植（手术）；移植的器官，移植物；
redistribute vt. 重新分配；再区分；1. The government plans to redistribute wealth to the poor. 政府计划将财富重新分配给穷人。
disguise vt. 假扮，伪装；掩饰，隐瞒；
receding hairlines 后退的发际线；1. receding adj. 后退的；
bald spots 秃斑；
参考译文
到50岁时，大约85%的男性患有男性型脱发，脱发可能是焦虑和自卑的根源。现在有减缓脱发的药物，有重新分配头发的移植手术，或者有策略的发型来掩盖后退的发际线和秃斑。没有什么可以逆转脱发的进程，但这可能会改变。
段三
In recent years, scientists have discovered that baldness has its origin in the loss of specialised skin cells, called dermal papillae, that line the base of hair follicles. These cells are crucial for regulating hair thickness, growth, texture and possibly even colour. But in some men, these cells are progressively killed off by dihydrotestosterone, the hormone that causes the male body to mature during puberty. “You have about 1,000 of these dermal papilla cells per hair,” says Kemp. “The more dermal papilla cells, the thicker the hair shaft. When you get down to around half that number, you’ll notice the hair thinning.”
origin n. 起源，起因；1. The origin of this tradition is unknown. 这个传统的起源是未知的。
specialised adj. 专门的；特别的（等于 specialized）；
dermal papillae 真皮乳头；
hair follicles 毛囊；
crucial adj. 至关重要的，决定性的；1. Water is crucial for survival in the desert. 水对于在沙漠中生存至关重要。
progressively adv. 渐进地；日益增多地；1. The disease progressively weakens the immune system. 这种疾病逐渐削弱了免疫系统。
dihydrotestosterone n. 二氢睾酮；
hormone n. 激素，荷尔蒙；
mature vi. 成熟，长成；酿成，制成；
puberty n. 青春期，发育期；开花期；1. Puberty is a period of rapid growth and development. 青春期是一个快速生长和发展的时期。
hair shaft 毛干；
thin vi. 稀薄；变稀疏；变少；1. Over time, his hair started thinning. 随着时间的推移，他的头发开始变薄。
参考译文
近年来，科学家们发现秃顶的起源是一种特殊的皮肤细胞的丧失，这种细胞被称为真皮乳头，位于毛囊的底部。这些细胞对调节头发的厚度、生长、质地甚至颜色至关重要。但在一些男性中，这些细胞会逐渐被双氢睾酮杀死，这种激素会导致男性身体在青春期成熟。肯普说:“每根头发大约有1000个这样的真皮乳头细胞。真皮乳头细胞越多，毛干就越厚。当你的真皮乳头细胞减少到上述数字的一半左右时，你就会注意到头发变稀疏了。”
精听党每日单词
reverse
/rɪˈvɜːrs/ vt. 逆转，彻底改变（决定、政策、趋势等）；
male pattern baldness
男性型秃顶；
rude awakening
（对不愉快之事的）猛然觉醒；突然觉醒；如梦初醒；当头一棒；
haircut
/ˈherkʌt/ n. 理发；发型；
dismayed
/dɪsˈmeɪd/ adj. 担心的；失望的；
lifelong
/ˈlaɪflɔːŋ/ adj. 终身的；
professional interest
职业兴趣；专业兴趣；
co-founder
/koʊˌfaʊndər/ n. 共同创立者；联合创始人；
tagline
/tæɡlaɪn/ n. 标语；品牌口号；
anxiety
/æŋˈzaɪəti/ n. 焦虑，忧虑；令人焦虑的事；
transplant
/trænsˈplænt/ n. （器官、皮肤等的）移植（手术）；移植的器官，移植物；
redistribute
/ˌriːdɪˈstrɪbjuːt; ˌriːˈdɪstrɪbjuːt/ vt. 重新分配；再区分；
disguise
/dɪsˈɡaɪz/ vt. 假扮，伪装；掩饰，隐瞒；
receding hairlines
后退的发际线；
bald spots
秃斑；
origin
/ˈɔːrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源，起因；
specialised
/ˈspeʃəlaɪzd/ adj. 专门的；特别的（等于 specialized）；
dermal papillae
真皮乳头；
hair follicles
毛囊；
crucial
/ˈkruːʃ(ə)l/ adj. 至关重要的，决定性的；
progressively
/prəˈɡresɪvli/ adv. 渐进地；日益增多地；
dihydrotestosterone
/daɪˌhaɪdroʊtesˈtɑːstəˌroʊn/ n. 二氢睾酮；
hormone
/ˈhɔːrmoʊn/ n. 激素，荷尔蒙；
mature
/məˈtʃʊr/ vi. 成熟，长成；酿成，制成；
puberty
/puberty/ n. 青春期，发育期；开花期；
hair shaft
毛干；
thin
/θɪn/ vi. 稀薄；变稀疏；变少；
精听党文化拓展
如何防治脱发？肯定要在各个生活细节上多注意。
方法1：选用木梳或牛角梳。不要用尼龙做的梳子梳头，因尼龙梳子易产生静电，会给头发和头皮带来不良刺激。最理想的是选用木梳或牛角梳，既能去除头屑，增加头发光泽，又能按摩头皮，促进血液循环。
方法2：勤洗头。洗头的间隔最好是2~3天，洗的同时需边揉边按摩，这样既能保持头皮清洁，又能促使头皮血液循环。洗完后最好让头发自然干。
方法3：选对洗发剂。不要用脱脂性强或碱性洗发剂，这类洗发剂的脱脂性和脱水太强，易使头发干燥、头皮坏死。应选用对头皮和头发无刺激性的天然洗发剂，或根据自己的发质选用。最好不要一直使用一种洗发剂。
方法4：戒烟。吸烟会使头皮毛细血管收缩，从而影响头发的正常发育及生长。
方法5：节制饮酒。白酒，特别是烫热的白酒会使头皮产生热气和湿气，引起脱发。即便是啤酒、葡萄酒也应适量，毕竟也含有酒精的成分，饮用应适量。
方法6：提防电脑。长时间使用电脑的人容易脱发，一是因为遭受电脑辐射过多，二是电脑操作需要注意力高度集中，长久使用会使大脑的兴奋度持续增高，相关的内分泌功能紊乱，毛囊容易被栓塞，使头发的营养供应出现障碍，最终导致头发脆性增加而脱落。
方法7：消除精神压抑感。精神状态不稳定，每天焦虑不安会导致脱发，压抑的程度越深，脱发的速度也越快。因此，经常进行深呼吸，散步，做松弛体操等，可消除当天的精神疲劳。
最后，保证充足的睡眠等细节，也是必不可少的。
精听党每日美句
"Once we accept our limits, we go beyond them." - Albert Einstein
“一旦我们接受了我们的限制，我们就会超越它们。”——阿尔贝特·爱因斯坦