文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:Scrutiny of major crypto institutions is intensifying
原文发布时间:19 Feb. 2023
Scrutiny of major crypto institutions is intensifying
The crypto crowd is hardly known for understating its own importance. Its members dubbed the implosion of FTX, the crypto exchange which collapsed spectacularly in November, the industry's "Lehman Brothers moment", a nod to the enormous ramifications of the fall of the investment bank. Now they say the industry is going through its "Dodd-Frank moment", a reference to the sprawling financial regulations that were put in place after Lehman's collapse.
In America, if crypto firms are regulated at all, they fall under the purview of various agencies—from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), a markets regulator, and the CFTC, which oversees commodities, to numerous state bodies. All were ramping up enforcement actions against crypto businesses in 2022, after the go-go years of 2020 and 2021 pushed crypto products into the mainstream. But moves to curtail various crypto activities have now begun to reach a frenetic pace.
On February 9th the SEC reached a settlement with Kraken, a crypto exchange. The company agreed to pay a $30m fine and stop offering its staking-as-a-service business, in which customers deposited crypto tokens and the exchange "staked" them on their behalf, in return for rewards (in a manner not dissimilar to a bank offering interest). On February 13th the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYSFDS), a state financial regulator, ordered Paxos, a firm which issues stablecoins (tokens backed by dollars), to stop issuing a stablecoin it had created for Binance, the biggest crypto exchange.
监管重拳来袭,加密货币业将被套上“紧箍咒”
精听党背景导读
当地时间2月15日,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)正式提出一项修正案,将对冲基金、养老基金等投资顾问的资产托管范围从基金和证券扩大到加密货币等一切客户的资产。修正案还要求投资顾问达成一些书面协议,比如托管人必须接受注册会计师的年度评估,并提供财务报表。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:Scrutiny of major crypto institutions is intensifying原文发布时间:19 Feb. 2023关键词:监管 加密货币 加强
精听党带着问题听
1.“公众监督”在文中有哪几种英文表达方式?2. “赴汤蹈火”用英语可以如何表达?3. 稳定币的发行公司是哪家?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Scrutiny of major crypto institutions is intensifying
对主要加密机构的审查正在加强
scrutiny n. 仔细观察,详细审查;1. repeated scrutiny 反复推敲;2. public scrutiny 公众监察,公众监督;3. Her argument doesn't really stand up to scrutiny. 她的论点经不起推敲。
crypto n. 数字加密货币(=cryptocurrency);
institution n. 机构,团体;1. an educational institution 教育等机构;2. a financial institution 金融机构;
intensify vi. 加剧,增强;
段一
The crypto crowd is hardly known for understating its own importance. Its members dubbed the implosion of FTX, the crypto exchange which collapsed spectacularly in November, the industry’s “Lehman Brothers moment”, a nod to the enormous ramifications of the fall of the investment bank. Now they say the industry is going through its “Dodd-Frank moment”, a reference to the sprawling financial regulations that were put in place after Lehman’s collapse.
hardly adv. 几乎不,几乎没有;
understate vt. 轻描淡写;避重就轻地说;
dub vt. 把…戏称为;给…起绰号;
implosion n. 向内爆炸,内爆;1. The implosion of America's most storied investment Banks. 美国最负盛名的几家投资银行破产。
exchange n. 交易所;
collapse vi. 突然失败;崩溃;瓦解;
spectacularly adv. 引人注目地;令人印象深刻地;1. It has been a spectacularly successful year. 这是成绩辉煌的一年。
nod n. 点头,承认;1. get the nod 被选中;得到许可;
enormous adj. 巨大的,极大的;
ramification n.(众多复杂而又难以预料的)结果;1. These changes are bound to have widespread social ramifications. 这些变化注定会造成许多难以预料的社会后果。
investment bank 投资银行;
go through 经受,通过;1. go through fire and water 赴汤蹈火;出生入死;
sprawling adj. 蔓延的,杂乱延伸的;
put in place 到位;落实到位;正在实施;
参考译文
众所周知,加密货币行业并不会低估自身的重要性。该行业成员将去年11月加密货币交易所FTX轰然倒塌的事件称为该行业的“雷曼兄弟时刻”,映射这家投资银行轰然倒下所产生的的巨大影响。现在他们表示,行业正在经历“多德-弗兰克时刻”,对应的也是在雷曼崩盘后推出的错综复杂的金融监管制度。
段二
In America, if crypto firms are regulated at all, they fall under the purview of various agencies—from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), a markets regulator, and the CFTC, which oversees commodities, to numerous state bodies. All were ramping up enforcement actions against crypto businesses in 2022, after the go-go years of 2020 and 2021 pushed crypto products into the mainstream. But moves to curtail various crypto activities have now begun to reach a frenetic pace.
regulate vt. 监控,监管;
purview n. 范围,权限;1. within the purview of sth. 在(个人或组织等的)权限之内;2. outside the purview of sth. 在……范围之外;
CFTC abbr. 美国商品期货交易委员会(Commodity Futures Trading Commission);
oversee vt. 监管,监督;
commodity n. 商品期货;
ramp up 增加;使增加;1. ramp up production 逐步增加产量;
enforcement n. 执行,实施;
go-go adj. 活跃的;无节制的;生意兴隆的;赚大钱的;1. go-go fund 速利基金;冒险投资基金;2. the go-go years of the 1990s 20世纪90年代经济繁荣的岁月;
mainstream n. 主流;
curtail vt. 减缩,限制;
frenetic adj. 狂热的;发狂的;
pace n. 速度;节奏;1. They could not stand the pace or the workload. 他们无法忍受工作节奏和工作量。
参考译文
在美国,如果加密货币公司受到监管,它们就会落入各种机构的管辖范围——从市场监管机构美国证券交易委员会,到监管大宗商品的商品期货交易委员会,再到众多的州监管者。在2020年和2021年的热潮将加密产品推向主流之后,所有这些机构都在2022年加大了对加密业务的执法行动。现在,限制各种加密货币活动的举措已开始进入疯狂状态。
段三
On February 9th the SEC reached a settlement with Kraken, a crypto exchange. The company agreed to pay a $30m fine and stop offering its staking-as-a-service business, in which customers deposited crypto tokens and the exchange “staked” them on their behalf, in return for rewards (in a manner not dissimilar to a bank offering interest). On February 13th the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYSFDS), a state financial regulator, ordered Paxos, a firm which issues stablecoins (tokens backed by dollars), to stop issuing a stablecoin it had created for Binance, the biggest crypto exchange.
reach a settlement 达成一致的意见;
fine n. 罚金;罚款;1. a parking fine 违规停车罚款;
stake vt. 押注,打赌;1. stake my life on it 用性命打赌;
deposit vt. 将(钱)存入银行;存储;1. n. 存款;
deposit account 存款账户;储蓄存款;
token n. 代币,专用辅币;1. a parking token 停车专用辅币;
on one's behalf 代表某人;
manner n. 方式;方法;
dissimilar adj. 不同的;
offer interest 提供利息;
issue vt. 发行;
stablecoin n. 稳定币(一种加密货币);
back by 依靠;在……支持/掩护/配合下;
参考译文
2月9日,美国证券交易委员会与加密货币交易所Kraken达成协议。该公司同意支付3000万美元的罚款,并停止提供“押注即服务”业务(与银行存款并付息类似),该业务是指客户将加密代币存入交易所以获取回报,交易所为客户做“质押”标记。2月13日,纽约州金融监管机构纽约州金融服务部向稳定币(以美元支撑的代币)发行公司Paxos发出指令,要求其停止发行其为最大的加密货币交易所Binance创设的稳定币。
精听党每日单词
scrutiny
/ˈskruːtəni/ n. 仔细观察,详细审查;
crypto
/ˈkrɪptoʊ/ n. 数字加密货币(=cryptocurrency);
institution
/ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃ(ə)n/ n. 机构,团体;
intensify
/ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ/ vi. 加剧,增强;
hardly
/ˈhɑːrdli/ adv. 几乎不,几乎没有;
understate
/ˌʌndərˈsteɪt/ vt. 轻描淡写;避重就轻地说;
dub
/dʌb/ vt. 把…戏称为;给…起绰号;
implosion
/ɪmˈploʊʒn/ n. 向内爆炸,内爆;
exchange
/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ n. 交易所;
collapse
/kəˈlæps/ vi. 突然失败;崩溃;瓦解;
spectacularly
/spekˈtækjələrli/ adv. 引人注目地;令人印象深刻地;
nod
/nɑːd/ n. 点头,承认;
enormous
/ɪˈnɔːrməs/ adj. 巨大的,极大的;
ramification
/ˌræmɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n.(众多复杂而又难以预料的)结果;
investment bank
投资银行;
go through
经受,通过;
sprawling
/ˈsprɔːlɪŋ/ adj. 蔓延的,杂乱延伸的;
put in place
到位;落实到位;正在实施;
regulate
/ˈreɡjuleɪt/ vt. 监控,监管;
purview
/ˈpɜːrvjuː/ n. 范围,权限;
CFTC
abbr. 美国商品期货交易委员会(Commodity Futures Trading Commission);
oversee
/ˌoʊvərˈsiː/ vt. 监管,监督;
commodity
/kəˈmɑːdəti/ n. 商品期货;
ramp up
增加;使增加;
enforcement
/ɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/ n. 执行,实施;
go-go
/ˈɡoʊ ɡoʊ/ adj. 活跃的;无节制的;生意兴隆的;赚大钱的;
mainstream
/ˈmeɪnstriːm/ n. 主流;
curtail
/kɜːrˈteɪl/ vt. 减缩,限制;
frenetic
/frəˈnetɪk/ adj. 狂热的;发狂的;
pace
/peɪs/ n. 速度;节奏;
reach a settlement
达成一致的意见;
fine
/faɪn/ n. 罚金;罚款;
stake
/steɪk/ vt. 押注,打赌;
deposit
/dɪˈpɑːzɪt/ vt. 将(钱)存入银行;存储;
token
/ˈtoʊkən/ n. 代币,专用辅币;
on one's behalf
代表某人;
manner
/ˈmænər/ n. 方式;方法;
dissimilar
/dɪˈsɪmɪlər/ adj. 不同的;
offer interest
提供利息;
issue
/ˈɪʃuː/ vt. 发行;
stablecoin
/ˈsteɪb(ə)lkɔɪn/ n. 稳定币(一种加密货币);
back by
依靠;在……支持/掩护/配合下;
精听党文化拓展
FTX等知名加密货币公司接连倒闭,暴露出加密货币行业的客户资金托管服务并不像对外界宣传的那么安全。
传统上合格的托管人通常是受到严格监管的金融集团。但近些年,比特币等加密货币资产失窃或者被黑客攻击屡见不鲜,Coinbase等交易平台也开始提供这类托管服务。SEC拟出台的新规将加密货币平台也纳入了监管范畴。
SEC计划加强对投资者资产的保护措施。根据拟议中的规定,投资顾问必须与合格的托管人拟定书面协议,确保客户的资产在托管人破产时得到隔离和保护。包括Coinbase等加密货币交易所在内的托管人,必须先在美国联邦政府或州政府进行特定的注册,然后才能提供资产托管服务。
Gensler在一份声明中提到了近几个月多宗备受关注的加密货币破产案,包括曾名列全球第二的加密货币交易所FTX。“我们最近一次又一次看到,在这些平台破产时,投资者的资产往往成为破产公司的财产,投资者不得不去破产法庭讨回公道。”
北京市京师律师事务所律师孟博对21世纪经济报道记者表示,近年来加密货币领域爆雷事件屡有发生,不仅给投资者带来巨大损失,也扰乱了正常的经济秩序,甚至还会衍生出其他问题,监管部门需要对加密货币交易平台加大监管力度。对于新事物,投资者要保持理性,不要被所谓的暴利迷惑,不要盲目追求高收益而忽视了高风险,以免落入不法分子利用信息不对称所设置的各类陷阱。
同济大学区块链价值互联网创新应用实验室副主任戴文浦认为,包括美国SEC在内的各国金融监管机构对加密资产行业的监管很有必要。之前很多项目都存在明显的欺诈嫌疑,中心化的交易所也是自己制定规则、自建生态。这些都事实上形成了很多割韭菜的案例,给早期不成熟的投资者带来了巨大损失。
精听党每日美句
Custom makes all things easy.
习惯成自然。