文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:In the wake of violence American cities resort to youth curfews
原文发布时间:19 Feb. 2023
In the wake of violence American cities resort to youth curfews
"There is nothing open after 11pm except for 7-Elevens and trouble, " Rashawn Ray, a sociologist, recalls his grandmother warning him. That sentiment helps explain why more than 400 American towns keep youth-curfew laws on the books. Most forbid teenagers from being in public from midnight to dawn, with exceptions for work, school or emergencies. Some are stricter. In the French Quarter of New Orleans 16-year-olds can be taken into police custody if they are caught on the streets after 8pm. Curfew laws have long gone unenforced. But many cities are tightening their grip.
After a 12- and a 15-year-old were killed in a gang shoot-out in November, an Atlanta city councillor proposed shifting the 11pm curfew to 7pm. Birmingham, Chicago and New Orleans have started enforcing old curfews; Philadelphia, new ones.
Fear of untamed teenagers made curfews popular. In November 1995 a criminologist, John DiIulio, warned the public of "superpredators": "hardened, remorseless juveniles" who would "kill or maim on impulse". Youth crime had risen as overall crime fell, Mr DiIulio wrote, and "wolf packs" of boys were to blame. Just five months later Bill Clinton's Department of Justice released a report urging towns to keep teenagers indoors after dark. By 2009, 84% of cities with more than 180,000 residents had enacted youth-curfew laws.
在暴力事件发生后,美国城市采取了青少年宵禁措施
精听党 背景导读
频发的枪击案正在改变美国人的生活:“计划逃离的路线”“不再去当地的杂货店”“正在考虑离开这个国家”“害怕送孩子上学”……美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)在去年7月的一项调查显示,在激增的枪击事件影响下,美国人的恐惧和焦虑与日俱增。实施宵禁令是维护治安的无奈之举。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:In the wake of violence American cities resort to youth curfews原文发布时间:19 Feb. 2023关键词:美国 青少年 宵禁
精听党 带着问题听
1. 在新奥尔良的法语区,“宵禁制度”是怎么样的?2. 为什么要实行青少年宵禁政策?3. “惯犯”用英文可如何表达?
精听党 选段赏析
标题解读
In the wake ofviolence American citiesresort toyouthcurfew
在暴力事件发生后,美国城市采取了青少年宵禁措施
in the wake of紧紧跟随;随着……而来;作为……的结果;1. The governor has enjoyed a huge surge in the polls in the wake of last week's convention. 州长在上周大会之后的民意测验中支持率激增。
resort to诉诸;依靠,求助于;1. They felt obliged to resort to violence. 他们觉得有必要诉诸暴力。
youthn. (统称)青年,年轻人;1. youth unemployment 青年失业问题;
curfewn. 宵禁令;宵禁时间;1. The army imposed a dusk-to-dawn curfew. 军队强制实行黄昏至黎明的宵禁。
段一
"There is nothingopen after 11pmexcept for7-Elevens and trouble," Rashawn Ray, asociologist, recalls his grandmother warning him. Thatsentimenthelps explain why more than 400 American towns keep youth-curfew laws on the books. Mostforbidteenagers from being in public from midnight todawn, with exceptions for work, school or emergencies. Some are stricter. In the FrenchQuarterofNew Orleans16-year-olds can be taken into policecustodyif they are caught on the streets after 8pm. Curfew laws have long goneunenforced. But many cities aretighteningtheirgrip.
there is nothing…没有…;1. There's nothing to tell! He's just some guy I work with! 没什么好说的!他不过是我的同事!
except for除了…;
sociologistn. 社会学家;
sentimentn. (基于情感的)观点,看法;1. This is a sentiment I wholeheartedly agree with. 这种态度我完全赞同。
forbidvt. 禁止;不准;1. Her father forbade the marriage. 她的父亲不允许这桩婚事。2. forbid… from doing sth. 禁止做某事;
He forbade them from mentioning the subject again. 他不准他们再提到这个问题。
dawnn. 拂晓,黎明;1. They start work at dawn. 他们拂晓就开始工作。
quartern. 城镇的区(或一部分);1. the Latin quarter 拉丁区;
New Orleans新奥尔良(美国港市);
custodyn.(尤指在候审时的)拘留,拘押,羁押;1. After the riot, 32 people were taken into police custody. 那场暴乱后,有32人被警方拘留。
unenforcedadj. (法律、决定)未实施的;
tightenvt.(使)变紧;
gripn. 紧握;紧抓;1. Keep a tight grip on the rope. 紧紧抓住绳索不放。2. The climber lost her grip. 登山女子松开了手。
参考译文
社会学家拉肖恩·雷回忆起祖母曾警告他:“晚上11点以后,除了7-
11便利店和麻烦,其他地方都不开门了。”这种情绪有助于解释为什么400多个美国城镇将宵禁写入了法律。大多数美国城镇禁止青少年在午夜至黎明期间出现在公共场所,工作、上学或紧急情况除外。有些城镇更为严格。在新奥尔良的法语区,如果16岁的青少年在晚上8点以后在街上被抓,就会被警察拘留。宵禁法律长期未得到执行。但许多城市正在收紧管制。
段二
After a 12- and a 15-year-old were killed in agangshoot-outin November, an Atlanta citycouncillorproposed shifting the 11pm curfew to 7pm.Birmingham,Chicagoand New Orleans have startedenforcingold curfews;Philadelphia, new ones.
gangn. 一帮,一伙(罪犯);
shoot-outn. 枪战;踢点球决胜;
councillorn. 市议员;政务委员会委员;
Birminghamn. 伯明翰(美国阿拉巴马州一座城市);
Chicagon. 芝加哥(美国中西部城市);
enforcevt. 强制执行,强行实施(法律或规定);1. It's the job of the police to enforce the law. 执法是警察的工作。
Philadelphian. 费城(美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市);
参考译文
去年11月,一名12岁的少年和一名15岁的少年在一场黑帮枪战中丧生后,亚特兰大市议员提议将晚上11点的宵禁时间改为晚上7点。伯明翰、芝加哥和新奥尔良已经开始执行以前的宵禁;而费城已经开始执行新的宵禁。
段三
Fear ofuntamedteenagers made curfews popular. In November 1995 acriminologist, John DiIulio, warned the public of "superpredators": "hardened,remorselessjuveniles" who would "kill ormaimonimpulse". Youth crime had risen asoverallcrime fell, Mr DiIulio wrote, and "wolf packs" of boyswere to blame. Just five months later Bill Clinton'sDepartment of Justicereleased a reporturgingtowns tokeep teenagers indoorsafter dark. By 2009, 84% of cities with more than 180,000 residents hadenactedyouth-curfew laws.
fear of…对…的恐惧;
untamedadj. 野性的;未驯服的;
criminologistn. 犯罪学者;刑事学家;
superpredatorn. 实行弱肉强食的人(或机构);剥削者;掠夺者;超级恶煞;
hardenedadj. 铁石心肠的;麻木不仁的;1. hardened criminals 惯犯;冷酷无情的罪犯;
remorselessadj. 残酷的;无情的;1. a remorseless killer 残酷的杀手;2. merciless adj. 冷酷无情的;
juvenilen. 青少年;
maimvt. 使残废;1. Hundreds of people are maimed in car accidents every week. 每周有数以百计的人在车祸中致残。2. Mines have been scattered in rice paddies and jungles, maiming and killing civilians. 地雷散布在稻田和丛林中,致使平民伤残和死亡。
impulsen. 冲动;心血来潮;一时的念头;1. He tends to act on impulse. 他往往凭一时冲动行事。
overalladj. 整体的;
wolf packs狼群;1. pack n. 一群(动物或猎狗);
be to blame (for sth.)(对坏事)负有责任;(因某事)受责备;1. Which driver was to blame for the accident? 哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者?
Department of Justice司法部;1. justice n. 司法制度;法律制裁;审判;
urgevt. 敦促,催促;
keep sb. indoors让某人待在室内;
enactvt. 通过(法律);1. to enact a law 颁布法律;
参考译文
对不听话的青少年的恐惧使得宵禁流行起来。1995年11月,犯罪学家约翰·迪尤利奥警告公众警惕“超级掠食者”:“冷酷无情的青少年”,他们会“冲动杀人或致残”。迪尤利奥写道,随着整体犯罪率的下降,青少年犯罪率却在上升,而“狼群”的男孩是罪魁祸首。仅仅五个月后,比尔·克林顿政府的司法部发布了一份报告,敦促美国城镇在天黑后让青少年呆在室内。到2009年,在人口超过18万的城市中,84%的城市已经颁布了青少年宵禁法律。
精听党每日单词
in the wake of
紧紧跟随;随着……而来;作为……的结果;
resort to
诉诸;依靠,求助于;
youth
/juːθ/ n. (统称)青年,年轻人;
curfew
/ˈkɜːrfjuː/ n. 宵禁令;宵禁时间;
there is nothing…
没有…;
except for
除了…;
sociologist
/ˌsoʊsiˈɑːlədʒɪst/ n. 社会学家;
sentiment
/ˈsentɪmənt/ n. (基于情感的)观点,看法;
forbid
/fərˈbɪd/ vt. 禁止;不准;
dawn
/dɑːn/ n. 拂晓,黎明;
quarter
/ˈkwɔːrtər/ n. 城镇的区(或一部分);
New Orleans
新奥尔良(美国港市);
custody
/ˈkʌstədi/ n.(尤指在候审时的)拘留,拘押,羁押;
unenforced
/ʌnin'fɔ:st/ adj. (法律、决定)未实施的;
tighten
/ˈtaɪt(ə)n/ vt.(使)变紧;
grip
/ɡrɪp/ n. 紧握;紧抓;
gang
/ɡæŋ/ n. 一帮,一伙(罪犯);
shoot-out
/ˈʃuːt aʊt/ n. 枪战;踢点球决胜;
councillor
/ˈkaʊnsələr/ n. 市议员;政务委员会委员;
Birmingham
/ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/ n. 伯明翰(美国阿拉巴马州一座城市);
Chicago
/tʃɪˈkɔgoʊ/ n. 芝加哥(美国中西部城市);
enforce
/ɪnˈfɔːrs/ vt. 强制执行,强行实施(法律或规定);
Philadelphia
/ˌfɪləˈdelfɪr/ n. 费城(美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市);
fear of…
对…的恐惧;
untamed
/ˌʌnˈteɪmd/ adj. 野性的;未驯服的;
criminologist
/ˌkrɪmɪˈnɑːlədʒɪst/ n. 犯罪学者;刑事学家;
superpredator
/ˌsjuːpəˈpredətə/ n. 实行弱肉强食的人(或机构);剥削者;掠夺者;超级恶煞;
hardened
/ˈhɑrdnd/ adj. 铁石心肠的;麻木不仁的;
remorseless
/rɪˈmɔːrsləs/ adj. 残酷的;无情的;
juvenile
/ˈdʒuːvən(ə)l/ n. 青少年;
maim
/meɪm/ vt. 使残废;
impulse
/ˈɪmpʌls/ n. 冲动;心血来潮;一时的念头;
overall
/ˌoʊvərˈɔːl/ adj. 整体的;
wolf packs
狼群;
be to blame (for sth.)
(对坏事)负有责任;(因某事)受责备;
Department of Justice
司法部;
urge
/ɜːrdʒ/ vt. 敦促,催促;
keep sb. indoors
让某人待在室内;
enact
/ɪˈnækt/ vt. 通过(法律);
精听党文化拓展
美国安全环境日益恶化,折射出这个国家日益加重的对抗情绪和暴力倾向。美国枪支暴力问题长期难以解决,与美国社会在涉枪问题上态度撕裂、两党立场尖锐对立密不可分。而这只是美国社会两极对立和撕裂加剧的冰山一角。2022年9月3日,美国前参议员小保罗·柯克在《波士顿环球报》撰文称,过去几年美国经历了巨变,从客客气气到仇恨言论,从两党妥协到两极分化,从公众对真相的信任到“假新闻”到否认事实再到故意造谣;从尊重分歧到恶意分裂。他警告称,美国现在是一个到处充斥着武器的国家,如果不加控制,一些极端分子受虚假信息和阴谋论的蛊惑,有可能在即将到来的中期选举中点燃一场暴力政治内战。
柯克的观点也得到了民调的支持。2022年8月,美国哥伦比亚广播公司和调查公司YouGov进行的联合民调显示,80%的受访者认为当下的美国比他们父母那一代更加分裂;49%的共和党人和47%的民主党人视对方为自己的敌人;64%的美国人认为美国未来几年政治暴力将会增加。《纽约邮报》称,这一结果“描绘了一个国家严重分裂的惨淡画面”。事实上,过去几年里,无论是2017年8月发生的夏洛茨维尔集会暴力事件,还是2021年1月6日的国会山骚乱,都显示出美国政治分歧有向暴力升级的趋势,极端的党派站队现象正在伤害美国的社会结构和民主制度。
精听党每日美句
All time is no time when it is past.
机不可失,时不再来。