每日英语听力外刊精读20231020:谁从美国复杂的医疗保健系统中获利最多?


文本选自:CBS News(哥伦比亚广播公司新闻)
作者:Aimee Picchi
原文标题:NYU law student has job offer withdrawn after posting anti-Israel message
原文发布时间:15 Oct. 2023
Who profits most from America's baffling health-care system?
On October 4th more than 75,000 employees of Kaiser Permanente, a large health-care chain, began a three-day strike. The walkout was the biggest in the history of America's health sector, and called attention to the staffing shortages plaguing the country's hospitals and clinics. In the same week ten drugmakers said they would negotiate medicine prices with Medicare, the public health-care system for the elderly, following legislation which all but forced them to. It will be the first time that companies have haggled over prices with the government.
These events are symptoms of deeper malaise in America's dysfunctional health-care system. The country spends about $4.3trn a year on keeping citizens in good nick. That is equivalent to 17% of GDP, twice as much as the average in other rich economies. And yet American adults live shorter lives and American infants die more often than in similarly affluent places. Pharmaceutical firms and hospitals attract much of the public ire for the inflated costs. Much less attention is paid to a small number of middlemen who extract far bigger rents from the system's complexity.
Over the past decade these firms have quietly increased their presence in America's vast health-care industry. They do not make drugs and have not, until recently, treated patients. They are the intermediaries—insurers, chemists, drug distributors and pharmacy-benefit managers (PBMS)—sitting between patients and their treatments. In 2022 the combined revenue of the nine biggest middlemen—call them big health—equated to nearly 45% of America's health-care bill, up from 25% in 2013.
谁从美国复杂的医疗保健系统中获利最多?

精听党背景导读
近日,美国的Kaiser Permanente医疗机构面临超过75,000员工的大规模罢工,同时,十家制药公司开始与Medicare讨价还价。尽管美国健康支出占GDP的17%,其效益仍不如其他发达国家。随着背后的中间商如保险公司和药物分销商的影响力增长,公众对药品价格与医疗质量的担忧也随之上升。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:Who profits most from America’s baffling health-care system?原文发布时间:17 Oct. 2023关键词:美国 医疗保健 罢工
精听党带着问题听
1.“等同于”在文中有哪几种英文表达?2. 段一中的“sector”可以用哪些词进行替换?3. 文中的“中间商”是指什么?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Who profits most from America's baffling health-care system?
谁从美国复杂的医疗保健系统中获利最多?
profit n. 利润;收益;赢利;
baffling adj. 令人困惑的,使人不知所措的;1. The instructions for assembling the furniture were so baffling that I had to ask for help. 组装家具的说明太令人困惑了,我不得不寻求帮助。
health-care system 医疗保健系统;1. The government is working to improve the efficiency of the health-care system to provide better access to healthcare services. 政府正在努力提高卫生保健系统的效率,以提供更好的医疗服务。
段一
On October 4th more than 75,000 employees of Kaiser Permanente, a large health-care chain, began a three-day strike. The walkout was the biggest in the history of America's health sector, and called attention to the staffing shortages plaguing the country's hospitals and clinics. In the same week ten drugmakers said they would negotiate medicine prices with Medicare, the public health-care system for the elderly, following legislation which all but forced them to. It will be the first time that companies have haggled over prices with the government.
chain n. 连锁商店;
a three-day strike 为期三天的罢工;
walkout n. 罢工;工人的集体行动;
health sector 卫生领域;医疗部门;1. The government is investing more in the health sector to improve healthcare services for citizens. 政府正在加大对卫生部门的投资,以改善公民的医疗保健服务。
plague vt. 困扰,纠缠;1. to plague sb. with questions/complaints 不断提问题/发牢骚烦扰某人;2. to plague sb. for sth. 缠着某人要求某事物;
drugmaker n. 制药者;制药公司;
negotiate vt. 谈判;协商;
legislation n. 立法;法律;1. The new legislation aims to protect consumers from unfair business practices. 新的法律旨在保护消费者免受不公平的商业行为。
all but 几乎;差不多;除了;
haggle over 争论;就…讨价还价;1. They haggled over the price of the antique vase for hours before finally reaching an agreement. 他们为那只古董花瓶的价格讨价还价了几个小时,最后才达成协议。2. haggle v. 争论;(尤指)讲价;
参考译文
10月4日,大型医疗连锁机构Kaiser Permanente的75000多名员工开始了为期三天的罢工。这次罢工是美国医疗保健部门历史上规模最大的一次,它强调了困扰国家医院和诊所的人员短缺问题。同一周,有十家制药公司表示,他们将与Medicare(为老年人提供的公共医疗保健系统)协商药品价格,这是在一项几乎迫使他们这么做的立法之后。这将是这些公司第一次与政府就价格进行讨价还价。
段二
These events are symptoms of deeper malaise in America's dysfunctional health-care system. The country spends about $4.3trn a year on keeping citizens in good nick. That is equivalent to 17% of GDP, twice as much as the average in other rich economies. And yet American adults live shorter lives and American infants die more often than in similarly affluent places. Pharmaceutical firms and hospitals attract much of the public ire for the inflated costs. Much less attention is paid to a small number of middlemen who extract far bigger rents from the system's complexity.
symptom n. (医) 症状;(大问题的)迹象,征兆,征候;1. Fever and fatigue are common symptoms of the flu. 发热和疲劳是流感的常见症状。
malaise n. 不适;不安;1. He experienced a sense of malaise but couldn't pinpoint the cause of his discomfort. 他感到一种不适,但无法确定不适的原因。
dysfunctional adj. 功能失调的;运作不正常的;
keep…in good nick 保持…状态良好;1. Regular maintenance helps keep your car in good nick. 定期维护有助于保持您的汽车状态良好。
equivalent to 相当于;等同于;
twice as much as 比…多一倍;1. The new car costs twice as much as the old one. 新车的价格是旧车的两倍。
similarly adv. 类似地;相似地;
affluent adj. 富裕的,富足的;1. The neighborhood is known for its affluent residents and luxurious homes. 这个社区以富有的居民和豪华的住宅而闻名。
pharmaceutical adj. 制药的;配药的;1. The pharmaceutical industry plays a crucial role in developing new medications. 制药业在开发新药方面起着至关重要的作用。
ire n. 愤怒;愤慨;1. His decision to cancel the event raised the ire of many attendees. 他取消活动的决定引起了许多与会者的愤怒。
inflated costs 通货膨胀成本;虚高的开支;
middlemen n. 中间商;
far bigger 大得多;1. The new shopping mall is far bigger than the old one. 这个新的购物中心比旧的大得多。
complexity n. 复杂性;1. The complexity of the situation required a thorough analysis.形势的复杂性需要进行彻底的分析。
参考译文
这些事件是美国运作不正常医疗保健系统更深层次问题的症状体现。该国每年花费约4.3万亿美元来保障公民的健康。这相当于GDP的17%,是其他富裕经济体平均水平的两倍。然而,与同样富裕的国家相比,美国成年人的寿命更短,美国婴儿的死亡率更高。制药公司和医院因高昂的成本而受到了公众的强烈抨击。然而,很少有人注意到少数中间商,他们从系统的复杂性中获取巨额利润。
段三
Over the past decade these firms have quietly increased their presence in America's vast health-care industry. They do not make drugs and have not, until recently, treated patients. They are the intermediaries—insurers, chemists, drug distributors and pharmacy-benefit managers (PBMS)—sitting between patients and their treatments. In 2022 the combined revenue of the nine biggest middlemen—call them big health—equated to nearly 45% of America's health-care bill, up from 25% in 2013.
over the past decade 在过去的十年中;
presence n. 出席,存在;<正式>(某人的)所在地方;
until recently 直到最近;1. Until recently, this area was largely undeveloped and untouched by urbanization. 直到最近,这个地区在很大程度上都没有被城市化改造。
intermediary n. 调解人,中间人;媒介;
insurer n. 保险公司;承保人;1. Insurers often require policyholders to pay regular premiums to maintain their insurance coverage. 保险公司通常要求投保人定期支付保险费以维持其保险范围。
chemist n. 化学家;药剂师;1. Chemists working in pharmaceutical companies play a key role in drug development and research. 在制药公司工作的化学家在药物开发和研究中发挥着关键作用。
drug distributor 药物分销商;药品经销商;
pharmacy-benefit managers (PBMS) 药品福利管理公司;
combined revenue 综合收入;合并收入;1. After the merger, the combined revenue of the two companies exceeded expectations. 合并后,这两家公司的综合收入超出了预期。
big health 大健康;1. The big health industry is experiencing rapid innovation and growth in recent years. 近年来,大健康产业正经历着快速的创新和增长。
参考译文
在过去的十年里,这些公司在美国庞大的医疗保健行业中悄然增加了他们的存在。他们不生产药物,直到最近也没有治疗病人。他们是中间商——保险商、药剂师、药品分销商和药店福利管理公司(PBMS)——位于病人和他们的治疗之间。2022年,最大的九家中间商的联合收入——称之为大健康——相当于美国医疗保健开支的近45%,而在2013年这一比例为25%。
精听党每日单词
profit
 /ˈprɑːfɪt/ n. 利润;收益;赢利;
baffling
 /ˈbæflɪŋ/ adj. 令人困惑的,使人不知所措的;
health-care system
 医疗保健系统;
chain
 /tʃeɪn/ n. 连锁商店;
a three-day strike
 为期三天的罢工;
walkout
 /ˈwɔːkaʊt/ n. 罢工;工人的集体行动;
health sector
 卫生领域;医疗部门;
plague
 /pleɪɡ/ vt. 困扰,纠缠;
drugmaker
 /ˈdrʌɡˌmekər/ n. 制药者;制药公司;
negotiate
 /nɪˈɡoʊʃieɪt/ vt. 谈判;协商;
legislation
 /ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 立法;法律;
all but
 几乎;差不多;除了;
haggle over
 争论;就…讨价还价;
symptom
 /ˈsɪmptəm/ n. (医) 症状;(大问题的)迹象,征兆,征候;
malaise
 /məˈleɪz/ n. 不适;不安;
dysfunctional
 /dɪsˈfʌŋkʃən(ə)l/ adj. 功能失调的;运作不正常的;
keep…in good nick
 保持…状态良好;
equivalent to
 相当于;等同于;
twice as much as
 比…多一倍;
similarly
 /ˈsɪmələrli/ adv. 类似地;相似地;
affluent
 /ˈæfluənt/ adj. 富裕的,富足的;
pharmaceutical
 /ˌfɑːrməˈsuːtɪk(ə)l/ adj. 制药的;配药的;
ire
 /ˈaɪər/ n. 愤怒;愤慨;
inflated costs
 通货膨胀成本;虚高的开支;
middlemen
 /midlmen/ n. 中间商;
far bigger
 大得多;
complexity
 /kəmˈpleksəti/ n. 复杂性;
over the past decade
 在过去的十年中;
presence
 /ˈprez(ə)ns/ n. 出席,存在;<正式>(某人的)所在地方;
until recently
 直到最近;
intermediary
 /ˌɪntərˈmiːdieri/ n. 调解人,中间人;媒介;
insurer
 /ɪnˈʃʊrər/ n. 保险公司;承保人;
chemist
 /ˈkemɪst/ n. 化学家;药剂师;
drug distributor
 药物分销商;药品经销商;
pharmacy-benefit managers (PBMS)
 药品福利管理公司;
combined revenue
 综合收入;合并收入;
big health
 大健康;
精听党文化拓展
美国医疗保险制度是一个复杂的体系,由公共和私人保险组成。公共保险主要包括联邦医疗保险(Medicare)和州政府管理的医疗补助(Medicaid)等。私人保险则由雇主、保险公司和个人购买的保险组成。美国医疗保险制度属于混合模式。
联邦医疗保险(Medicare)是一项由联邦政府提供的医疗保险计划,主要为65岁以上的老年人提供医疗保险。此外,患有残疾或肾脏疾病的人也可以加入该计划。联邦医疗保险分为A、B、C、D四部分,分别涵盖了不同的医疗保险范围,包括住院治疗、医生看诊、处方药、预防保健等。
医疗补助(Medicaid)是由州政府管理的医疗保险计划,主要为低收入人群提供医疗保险。每个州的医疗补助计划略有不同,但大多数都涵盖了基本的医疗保险范围,如住院治疗、医生看诊、药品等。根据联邦法律,所有符合条件的人都有权加入该计划。
许多雇主提供医疗保险作为雇员福利的一部分。这些计划通常由保险公司提供,雇主支付部分或全部保费。雇员通常需要支付一定的自付费用,例如保险费、药品费、诊疗费等。
个人可以通过保险公司购买医疗保险,这种保险通常被称为个人医疗保险。这种类型的保险通常比雇主提供的保险更昂贵,但保险范围和自付费用也会有所不同。
美国医疗保险制度面临着许多挑战。其中最大的挑战之一是成本问题。美国的医疗保险费用非常昂贵,这导致了许多人无法获得必要的医疗保健。此外,美国医疗保险制度的效率也受到了质疑,例如长时间等待、医疗纠纷等问题。
尽管美国医疗保险制度面临着许多挑战,但它仍然是一个非常重要的保险体系。通过联邦医疗保险和州政府管理的医疗补助,许多人可以获得必要的医疗保健。同时,雇主提供的医疗保险和个人购买的医疗保险也为人们提供了更广泛的选择。虽然美国医疗保险制度仍然需要改进,但它已经成为了美国保险体系的重要组成部分。
精听党每日美句
"In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity." - Albert Einstein
“困难的中间藏着机遇。”——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
到顶部