每日英语听力外刊精读(往期@20230309):人工智能如何帮助企业重新设计流程


文本选自:Harvard Business Review(哈佛商业评论)
作者:Thomas H. Davenport, Matthias Holweg, and Dan Jeavons
原文标题:How AI Is Helping Companies Redesign Processes
原文发布时间:6 Mar. 2023
How AI Is Helping Companies Redesign Processes
In the 1990s, business process reengineering was all the rage: Companies used budding technologies such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and the internet to enact radical changes to broad, end-to-end business processes. Buoyed by reengineering's academic and consulting proponents, companies anticipated transformative changes to broad processes like order-to-cash and conception to commercialization of new products.
But while technology did bring major updates, implementations often failed to live up to the sky-high expectations. For example, large-scale ERP systems like SAP or Oracle provided a useful IT backbone to exchange data, yet also created very rigid processes that were hard to change past the IT implementation. Since then, process management typically involved only incremental change to local processes — Lean and Six Sigma for repetitive processes, and Agile Lean Startup methods for development — all without any assistance from technology.
Now, a version of this idea is making a comeback in some companies, and we expect to see it in more. It will require not only an appreciation and understanding of AI, but also a renewed appreciation of business processes as a structure for improving work. As AI emerges as a universally applicable, general-purpose technology, it appears increasingly possible that it can enable the kind of radical redesign of business processes originally envisaged by reengineering's proponents.
人工智能如何帮助企业重新设计流程

精听党背景导读
全球疫情加快数字化时代的到来,技术对企业的影响越来越大。呈指数级发展的新技术——人工智能 (AI)、自动化、物联网 (IoT)、区块链和第五代移动通信技术(5G)之间交汇融合,产生了重塑业务模式、运营流程、工作方式的力量。新技术与专业技术融合产生的智能设计也是数字化转型的重要发展方向之一。
相比制造和业务流程的数字化智能化,设计的智能化、自动化发展相对缓慢,在很多领域,采用CAD绘图式的低效设计环节甚至成为整体产品开发或企业扩产能的瓶颈,众多的设计人员也将为企业带来较大成本支出。
文本选自:Harvard Business Review(哈佛商业评论)作者:Thomas H. Davenport, Matthias Holweg, and Dan Jeavons原文标题:How AI Is Helping Companies Redesign Processes原文发布时间:6 Mar. 2023关键词:AI 商业 设计
精听党带着问题听
1. “风靡一时”用英语可以怎么表达?2. ERP系统具体指的是什么?3. 如何理解第三段中的“make a comeback”?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
How AI Is Helping Companies Redesign Processes
人工智能如何帮助企业重新设计流程
AI
 abbr. 人工智能(artificial intelligence);
段一
In the 1990s, business process reengineering was all the rage: Companies used budding technologies such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and the internet to enact radical changes to broad, end-to-end business processes. Buoyed by reengineering’s academic and consulting proponents, companies anticipated transformative changes to broad processes like order-to-cash and conception to commercialization of new products.
be all the rage 十分流行;成为时尚;风靡一时;
budding adj. 开始发展的;崭露头角的;1. a budding artist/writer 一位艺术界/文坛新秀;
enact vt. 发生;进行;举行;1. It was a scene enacted month after month for eight years. 这是8年来月复一月出现的场景。
radical adj. 根本的,彻底的;
end-to-end adj. 端对端的;首尾相连的;
buoy vt. 鼓舞;鼓励;1. Buoyed by their win yesterday, the team feel confident of further success. 在昨天胜利的鼓舞下,该队有信心再次获胜。
proponent n. 倡导者,支持者,拥护者;
anticipate vt. 预料;预期;预见,预计;
transformative adj. 有改革能力的,起改造作用的;
参考译文
在20世纪90年代,业务流程再设计风靡一时:公司使用新兴技术,如企业资源规划(ERP)系统和互联网,对广泛的、端到端的业务流程进行彻底的改变。在再设计的学术和咨询支持者的鼓舞下,企业预计从订单到现金、从概念到新产品商业化等广泛流程将发生变革性的改变。
段二
But while technology did bring major updates, implementations often failed to live up to the sky-high expectations. For example, large-scale ERP systems like SAP or Oracle provided a useful IT backbone to exchange data, yet also created very rigid processes that were hard to change past the IT implementation. Since then, process management typically involved only incremental change to local processes — Lean and Six Sigma for repetitive processes, and Agile Lean Startup methods for development — all without any assistance from technology.
fail to do sth. 未能做某事;没能做成某事;1. He failed to keep the appointment. 他未履约。
live up to 达到,符合,不辜负(他人的期望);1. He failed to live up to his parents' expectations. 他辜负了父母的期望。
sky-high adj. 极高的;太高的;
backbone n. 支柱;骨干;基础;
rigid adj. 死板的;僵硬的;固执的;僵化的;一成不变的;1. The curriculum was too rigid. 课程设置过于死板。
implementation n. 实施;执行;贯彻;生效;
incremental adj. 增加的,递增的;
参考译文
但是,虽然技术确实带来了重大更新,但实现往往达不到极高的期望。例如,SAP或Oracle等大型ERP系统提供了有用的信息技术基础来交换数据,而且创建了非常严格的流程,这些流程在信息技术实现之后很难更改。从那时起,流程管理通常只涉及对本地流程的递增改变——用于重复流程的精益和六西格玛,以及用于开发的敏捷精益启动法——所有这些都没有任何技术的帮助。
段三
Now, a version of this idea is making a comeback in some companies, and we expect to see it in more. It will require not only an appreciation and understanding of AI, but also a renewed appreciation of business processes as a structure for improving work. As AI emerges as a universally applicable, general-purpose technology, it appears increasingly possible that it can enable the kind of radical redesign of business processes originally envisaged by reengineering’s proponents.
make a comeback 再度流行并变得时髦;再度获得成功;
emerge as 成为…;作为…出现;1. Vietnam has emerged as the world's third-biggest rice exporter. 越南已成为世界第三大大米出口国。
applicable adj. 可应用的;适用的;合适的;
envisage vt. 想象;设想;展望;1. I can't envisage her coping with this job. 我无法想象她如何应付这个工作。
参考译文
现在,这种想法的一个版本正在一些公司中重新流行起来,而且我们预计会在更多的公司中看到它。这不仅需要对人工智能的欣赏和理解,还需要重新认识作为改进工作结构的业务流程。随着人工智能成为一种普遍适用的通用技术,它似乎越来越有可能实现再设计支持者最初设想的业务流程的彻底重新设计。
精听党每日单词
AI
 abbr. 人工智能(artificial intelligence);
be all the rage
 十分流行;成为时尚;风靡一时;
budding
 /ˈbʌdɪŋ/ adj. 开始发展的;崭露头角的;
enact
 /ɪˈnækt/ vt. 发生;进行;举行;
radical
/ˈrædɪk(ə)l/ adj. 根本的,彻底的;
end-to-end
 /end tu end/ adj. 端对端的;首尾相连的;
buoy
 /ˈbuːi , bɔɪ/ vt. 鼓舞;鼓励;
proponent
 /prəˈpoʊnənt/ n. 倡导者,支持者,拥护者;
anticipate
 /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ vt. 预料;预期;预见,预计;
transformative
 /ˌtrænsˈfɔːmətɪv/ adj. 有改革能力的,起改造作用的;
fail to do sth.
 未能做某事;没能做成某事;
live up to
 达到,符合,不辜负(他人的期望);
sky-high
 /ˌskaɪ ˈhaɪ/ adj. 极高的;太高的;
backbone
 /ˈbækboʊn/ n. 支柱;骨干;基础;
rigid
 /ˈrɪdʒɪd/ adj. 死板的;僵硬的;固执的;僵化的;一成不变的;
implementation
 /ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən/ n. 实施;执行;贯彻;生效;
incremental
 /ˌɪnkrəˈmɛntəl/ adj. 增加的,递增的;
make a comeback
 再度流行并变得时髦;再度获得成功;
emerge as
 成为…;作为…出现;
applicable
 /ˈæplɪkəbl/ adj. 可应用的;适用的;合适的;
envisage
 /ɪnˈvɪzɪdʒ/ vt. 想象;设想;展望;
精听党文化拓展
我国人工智能行业市场规模达1987亿元,2017-2021期间年均复合增长率为58.1%,预计2023年我国人工智能市场规模将达3043亿元。
后疫情时代,在“十四五”五年规划期内人工智能行业市场规模有望迎来高速发展时期。中研普华推测,2025年人工智能核心产业规模将超过4500亿,到了2030年这一数据将飞速发展,产业规模有望超过一万亿。
根据IFR、中国电子学会数据,预计全球机器人市场规模2024年有望达到660亿美元,2020-2024年CAGR约18%。国内机器人2024年有望达251亿美元市场规模,2020-2024年CAGR约22%。
截止2021年3月,推出9个月后的GPT-3日均文本生成量45亿,而2021年阅文集团新增文字量仅360亿, 仅相当于GPT-3 8天的文字内容生成量;不仅如此,AI生产的成本也更低。目前OpenAI定价最高的文字模型达芬奇(基于GPT-3)为每750词约0.02美元,2021年阅文集团内容成本为17.74亿元(每750词约37元),是调用OpenAI的API完成相同文字量生产所需的成本(约672万元)的264倍。
精听党每日美句
There's only one corner of the universe you can be sure of improving, and that's your own self.
这个宇宙中只有一个角落你肯定可以改进,那就是你自己。
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