重发更替讲义音频@每日英语听力外刊精读20231105:为什么华盛顿哥伦比亚特区暴力犯罪频发?


文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:Why is Washington, DC so violent?
原文发布时间:31 Oct. 2023
Why is Washington, DC so violent?
Though he has a black belt in karate, when a trio of armed boys in ski masks threatened Henry Cuellar, a congressman from Texas, outside his Navy Yard flat on October 2nd he swiftly handed over the keys to his Toyota Crossover. It was the 754th carjacking in America's capital this year, amounting to roughly three a day since January. And it was not the first attack on a member of Congress. In February Angie Craig of Minnesota heroically fended off a man who grabbed her by the neck in the lift of the building where she stays near the Capitol.
Violent crime in the district is up by 40% this year. A proliferation of guns has turned dozens of petty disputes into killings: for the first time in a quarter of a century, more than 200 people were murdered before October 1st. That bucks the national trend. Elsewhere the crime epidemic that came with covid-19 is ebbing. In 30 cities that make their murder counts publicly available, the Council on Criminal Justice, a think-tank, found that by July there had been 202 fewer homicides than in the first half of 2022, a 9.4% drop. In Atlanta, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Rochester the murder rate fell by more than 20%. Why then is the capital of the free world on track to record its worst year in decades?
Because the District of Columbia is not a state, the federal government has an unusual amount of say in its affairs. In March Congress reversed a revision to Washington's criminal code passed by the district council which, among many other changes, dropped mandatory minimum sentences for carjacking. It was the first time Congress had nixed a local law in three decades.
为什么华盛顿哥伦比亚特区暴力犯罪频发?

精听党背景导读
《华尔街日报》网站10月6日刊文称,今年以来,美国首都华盛顿哥伦比亚特区暴力犯罪激增,人们的恐惧和沮丧情绪蔓延开来。
文章称,警方提供的数据显示,华盛顿哥伦比亚特区已经发生了216起凶杀案,比2022年同期增加了38%,比2004年至2020年的任何一年都要多。
负责公共安全的副市长阿皮亚说:“我认为,公共安全一直是、并将继续是居民最关心的问题。”她表示其他类型的犯罪也会引发民众恐慌。抢劫案增加了70%,汽车盗窃案增加了一倍多。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:Why is Washington, DC so violent?原文发布时间:31 Oct. 2023关键词:华盛顿特区 犯罪 激增
精听党带着问题听
1.“滑雪面罩”用英语可以如何表达?2. 如何理解第二段的“think-tank”?3. 今年华盛顿哥伦比亚特区的暴力犯罪率上升了多少?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Why is Washington, DC so violent?
为什么华盛顿哥伦比亚特区暴力犯罪频发?
DC abbr.(美国)哥伦比亚特区(District of Columbia);
violent adj. 暴力的;(人)有暴力倾向的;含暴力行为的;
段一
Though he has a black belt in karate, when a trio of armed boys in ski masks threatened Henry Cuellar, a congressman from Texas, outside his Navy Yard flat on October 2nd he swiftly handed over the keys to his Toyota Crossover. It was the 754th carjacking in America’s capital this year, amounting to roughly three a day since January. And it was not the first attack on a member of Congress. In February Angie Craig of Minnesota heroically fended off a man who grabbed her by the neck in the lift of the building where she stays near the Capitol.
black belt 黑带;1. He is a judo black belt. 他是一名黑带级柔道选手。2. He is a black belt in karate. 他是空手道黑带。
karate n. 空手道(日本的一种徒手武术);
trio n. 三重唱;三件一套;三个一组;
armed adj. 武装的;
ski mask 滑雪面罩;
congressman n. 国会议员;众议院议员;
navy yard 海军工厂;海军船坞;海军军港;1. The navy yard is responsible for the maintenance and repair of warships. 海军造船厂负责战舰的维护和修理。
swiftly adv. 很快地;敏捷地;即刻;
hand over 交出,移交;
crossover n. 跨界车;
carjacking n. 武力劫夺汽车;抢劫司机财物;1. carjack v. 劫车;
He allegedly carjacked a vehicle from a woman at gunpoint. 据说他用枪胁迫一名女子抢劫其车辆。
amount to 达到;总计为;
roughly adv. 粗略地,大约;
heroically adv. 英雄地;超人地;冒险地;
fend off 避开;挡开;1. She managed to fend off the persistent salesman. 她设法击退了那个坚持不懈的推销员。
grab vt. 攫取,抓住;
Capitol n. 美国国会大厦;(美国)州议会大厦;
参考译文
虽然得克萨斯州国会议员亨利·奎利亚尔是空手道黑带,但10月2日在其海军军港公寓外,当遭遇三个戴滑雪面罩的持枪男孩威胁时,他迅速交出了丰田跨界车的钥匙。这是今年在美国首都发生的第754起劫车案,自1月以来大约每天发生3起。这也并不是第一次针对国会议员的袭击。今年2月,明尼苏达州众议员安吉·克雷格(Angie Craig)在国会大厦附近她居住的一栋大楼电梯里,英勇地击退了一名男子,该男子抓住了她的脖子。
段二
Violent crime in the district is up by 40% this year. A proliferation of guns has turned dozens of petty disputes into killings: for the first time in a quarter of a century, more than 200 people were murdered before October 1st. That bucks the national trend. Elsewhere the crime epidemic that came with covid-19 is ebbing. In 30 cities that make their murder counts publicly available, the Council on Criminal Justice, a think-tank, found that by July there had been 202 fewer homicides than in the first half of 2022, a 9.4% drop. In Atlanta, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Rochester the murder rate fell by more than 20%. Why then is the capital of the free world on track to record its worst year in decades?
violent crime 暴力犯罪,暴力罪行;
proliferation n.(数量的)激增,剧增;(细胞、组织、有机体的)繁殖,增生;1. a non-proliferation treaty 核武器不扩散条约;
dozens of 数十个;很多;
dispute n. 争论,辩论,纠纷;1. to have a dispute with someone about sth. 在某事上与某人发生纷争;
buck vt. 反对,抵制;鼓舞,使振作;1. to buck the system 反抗体制;
epidemic n. 流行病,传染病;(迅速的)盛行,蔓延;
ebb vi. 衰退;衰落;潮退;减少;1. n. 退潮;衰退;衰落;
to be at a low ebb 处于低潮;
think-tank n. 智囊团;智库;
homicide n. <美>杀人;谋杀;
on track 正按计划进行;
参考译文
今年这个地区的暴力犯罪率上升了40%。枪支泛滥使许多小纠纷演变成了杀人案:这是25年来第一次被谋杀人数在10月1日之前超过了200人。这与全国趋势背道而驰。在其他地区,伴随新冠疫情而上演的犯罪浪潮正在消退。美国智库刑事司法委员会(Council on Criminal Justice)发现,在30个公开了谋杀案数量的城市中,截至7月,谋杀案数量比2022年上半年减少了202起,下降了9.4%。在亚特兰大、洛杉矶、费城和罗切斯特,谋杀率下降了20%以上。那么,为什么这个自由国度的首都即将迎来几十年来最糟糕的一年呢?
段三
Because the District of Columbia is not a state, the federal government has an unusual amount of say in its affairs. In March Congress reversed a revision to Washington’s criminal code passed by the district council which, among many other changes, dropped mandatory minimum sentences for carjacking. It was the first time Congress had nixed a local law in three decades.
say n. 发言权,决定权;1. Once outside the EU, Britain will have no say in setting these rules. 一旦脱离欧盟,英国将无权制定这些规则。
affair n. 事情;事务;
reverse vt. 逆转,彻底改变(决定、政策、趋势等);撤销,推翻(法庭判决;
revision n. 修改,修订;修订本,订正版;
criminal code 刑法,刑法典;
district council 区议会;
mandatory adj. 强制性的,义务的;
sentence n. 句子,句;判决,判刑;命题;1. to be under sentence of death 被判死刑;2. to pass sentence on someone 对某人做出判决;
nix vt. 阻止;拒绝;结束;取消;
参考译文
由于哥伦比亚特区不属于任何一个州,联邦政府在其事务中拥有非同一般的话语权。今年3月,国会推翻了一项由地区议会通过的华盛顿刑法修订案,该修订案取消了劫车罪的强制最低刑期。这是三十年来国会第一次否决一项地方法律。
精听党每日单词
DC
 abbr.(美国)哥伦比亚特区(District of Columbia);
violent
 /ˈvaɪələnt/ adj. 暴力的;(人)有暴力倾向的;含暴力行为的;
black belt
 黑带;
karate
 /kəˈrɑːti/ n. 空手道(日本的一种徒手武术);
trio
 /ˈtriːoʊ/ n. 三重唱;三件一套;三个一组;
armed
 /ɑːrmd/ adj. 武装的;
ski mask
 滑雪面罩;
congressman
 /ˈkɑːŋɡrəsmən/ n. 国会议员;众议院议员;
navy yard
 海军工厂;海军船坞;海军军港;
swiftly
 /ˈswɪftli/ adv. 很快地;敏捷地;即刻;
hand over
 交出,移交;
crossover
 /ˈkrɔːsoʊvər/ n. 跨界车;
carjacking
 /ˈkɑːrdʒækɪŋ/ n. 武力劫夺汽车;抢劫司机财物;
amount to
 达到;总计为;
roughly
 /ˈrʌfli/ adv. 粗略地,大约;
heroically
 /həˈroʊɪkli/ adv. 英雄地;超人地;冒险地;
fend off
 避开;挡开;
grab
 /ɡræb/ vt. 攫取,抓住;
Capitol
 /ˈkæpɪtl/ n. 美国国会大厦;(美国)州议会大厦;
violent crime
 暴力犯罪,暴力罪行;
proliferation
 /prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/ n.(数量的)激增,剧增;(细胞、组织、有机体的)繁殖,增生;
dozens of
 数十个;很多;
dispute
 /dɪˈspjuːt/ n. 争论,辩论,纠纷;
buck
 /bʌk/ vt. 反对,抵制;鼓舞,使振作;
epidemic
 /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/ n. 流行病,传染病;(迅速的)盛行,蔓延;
ebb
 /eb/ vi. 衰退;衰落;潮退;减少;
think-tank
 /ˈθɪŋk tæŋk/ n. 智囊团;智库;
homicide
 /ˈhɑːmɪsaɪd/ n. <美>杀人;谋杀;
on track
 正按计划进行;
say
 /seɪ/ n. 发言权,决定权;
affair
 /əˈfer/ n. 事情;事务;
reverse
 /rɪˈvɜːrs/ vt. 逆转,彻底改变(决定、政策、趋势等);撤销,推翻(法庭判决;
revision
 /rɪˈvɪʒ(ə)n/ n. 修改,修订;修订本,订正版;
criminal code
 刑法,刑法典;
district council
 区议会;
mandatory
 /ˈmændətɔːri/ adj. 强制性的,义务的;
sentence
 /ˈsentəns/ n. 句子,句;判决,判刑;命题;
nix
 /nɪks/ vt. 阻止;拒绝;结束;取消;
精听党文化拓展
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区所在地原是一片灌木丛生之地,只有一些村舍散落其间。美国首任总统华盛顿选定此地作为首都后,为了纪念哥伦布发现新大陆,将该地命名为哥伦布。新都尚未建成,华盛顿便于1799年去世。联邦政府及国会为了纪念他,在1800年建成时把新都命名为华盛顿。一般人所说的“首都”,即指联邦政府机构所占有的地区;如说“哥伦比亚特区”,即指居民所占有的地区。政府机构所占有的地面,约占特区面积的1/2。
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区(Washington, D.C.)英文名称的两部分反映其双重身份,Washington(华盛顿市)是作为首都的名称,而D.C.则为“District of Columbia”(哥伦比亚特区)的缩写,是联邦直接管辖的区域。华盛顿哥伦比亚特区通常汉译为华府,以避免和位于太平洋岸同名的华盛顿州混淆。为区别于普通的区(District),中文翻译中通常加上“特”字表明华盛顿的特殊地位。
2016年,华盛顿哥伦比亚特区的人口为68.1万,占美国总人口数0.21%。其中白人为44.6%,非裔为47.7%,亚裔为4.1%。
根据2000年统计数字,5岁以上的华盛顿居民在家中83.2%会说英语,9.2%会说西班牙语,1.8%会说法语,1%会说非洲语言,0.5%会说汉语。
精听党每日美句
The mind is everything. What you think you become.
心意决定一切。你所思考的,你就会成为。
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