每日英语听力外刊精读(往期@20230323):列奥纳多·达·芬奇的母亲是奴隶吗?一位意大利教授对此深信不疑


文本选自:CNN(美国有线电视新闻网)
作者:Barbie Latza Nadeau and Lianne Kolirin
原文标题:Was Leonardo da Vinci's mother a slave? An Italian professor believes so
原文发布时间:18 Mar. 2023
Was Leonardo da Vinci's mother a slave? An Italian professor believes so
Leonardo da Vinci's mother was a slave trafficked into Italy, an expert on the Renaissance artist has claimed. In a new novel, a dramatized account of her life, Renaissance scholar Carlo Vecce writes that Leonardo's mother, Caterina, was originally from the Caucasus but was sold into slavery in Italy.
Entitled "The Smile of Caterina, the mother of Leonardo, " the book was inspired by a discovery that Vecce -- a professor at the University of Naples and an expert on the Old Master -- made at the State Archives in Florence in 2019 when working on the 500-year anniversary celebration of the great polymath's death. There, he stumbled across a previously unknown document he says is dated the fall fo 1452 and signed by the man known to be the master's father, which, he says, frees a slave called Caterina from her mistress, Monna Ginevra. The date, which was a few months after Leonardo was born, and fact that Leonardo's father signed it struck Vacce as proof that this woman was Leonardo's mother.
Two years earlier, according to the same document, Ginevra had hired Caterina out as a wet nurse to a Florentine knight." I discovered the document about a slave named Caterina five years ago and it became an obsession for me, " Vecce, professor of Italian literature at the University of Naples "L'Orientale, " told CNN.
列奥纳多·达·芬奇的母亲是奴隶吗?一位意大利教授对此深信不疑

精听党背景导读
人们对列奥纳多·达·芬奇的身世有了新推论。法新社15日报道称,这位意大利文艺复兴时期的艺术巨匠很可能是“奴隶之后”,且只有一半的意大利血统。
文本选自:CNN(美国有线电视新闻网)作者:Barbie Latza Nadeau and Lianne Kolirin原文标题:Was Leonardo da Vinci's mother a slave? An Italian professor believes so原文发布时间:18 Mar. 2023关键词:达芬奇 母亲 奴隶
精听党带着问题听
1.“言过其实”用英语可以怎么表达?2. 如何理解第二段中的“stumble across”?3. 达·芬奇母亲卡特琳娜是如何脱离奴隶身份的?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Was Leonardo da Vinci's mother a slave? An Italian professor believes so
列奥纳多·达·芬奇(Leonardo da Vinci)的母亲是奴隶吗?一位意大利教授对此深信不疑
slave
 n. 奴隶;
段一
Leonardo da Vinci's mother was a slave trafficked into Italy, an expert on the Renaissance artist has claimed. In a new novel, a dramatized account of her life, Renaissance scholar Carlo Vecce writes that Leonardo's mother, Caterina, was originally from the Caucasus but was sold into slavery in Italy.
traffick vt.(尤指非法物品的)交易;1. trafficker n. (尤指毒品的) 非法买卖者;
Renaissance n. 文艺复兴时期;
dramatize vt. 使戏剧化;戏剧性地表现;夸张;1. He tends to dramatize things. 他往往言过其实。
account n. 描述;叙述;报告;1. She gave the police a full account of the incident. 她向警方详尽地叙述了所发生的事情。
Caucasus n. 高加索(俄罗斯南部地区,位于黑海和里海之间,等于 Caucasia);高加索山脉(等于 the Caucasus Mountains);
slavery n. 奴隶身份;1. to be sold into slavery 被卖为奴;
参考译文
一位研究文艺复兴时期艺术家的专家称,列奥纳多·达·芬奇的母亲是被贩卖到意大利的奴隶。文艺复兴学者卡洛·维奇(Carlo Vecce)在一部新小说中戏剧化地描述了列奥纳多的母亲卡特琳娜(Caterina)的生活,她来自高加索地区,但被卖到意大利为奴。
段二
Entitled "The Smile of Caterina, the mother of Leonardo," the book was inspired by a discovery that Vecce — a professor at the University of Naples and an expert on the Old Master — made at the State Archives in Florence in 2019 when working on the 500-year anniversary celebration of the great polymath's death. There, he stumbled across a previously unknown document he says is dated the fall fo 1452 and signed by the man known to be the master's father, which, he says, frees a slave called Caterina from her mistress, Monna Ginevra. The date, which was a few months after Leonardo was born, and fact that Leonardo's father signed it struck Vacce as proof that this woman was Leonardo's mother.
entitle vt. 给…命名(或题名);1. He read a poem entitled ‘Salt’. 他朗诵一首题为《盐》的诗。
inspire vt. 赋予灵感;引起联想;启发;1. The choice of decor was inspired by a trip to India. 选用这种装饰格调是从一次印度之行中得到的启发。
anniversary n. 周年纪念日;1. to celebrate your wedding anniversary 庆祝你们的结婚纪念日;
polymath n. 博学的人;博学家;
stumble across 意外发现;偶然遇见;1. Police have stumbled across a huge drugs ring. 警方无意中发现一个庞大的贩毒集团。
date vt. 注明日期;确定年代;1. I think we can date the decline of Western Civilization quite precisely. 我认为我们可以非常准确的推断出西方文明衰落的年代。
mistress n. 情妇;<英>女教师;(奴仆的)女主人;(宠物的)女主人;
strike sb. as sth. 给(某人以…)印象;让(某人)觉得;1. His reaction struck me as odd. 他的反应令我诧异。
参考译文
这本名为《列奥纳多母亲卡特琳娜的微笑》的书,其灵感来自于那不勒斯大学教授、古典大师研究专家维奇(Vecce)2019年在佛罗伦萨国家档案馆为这位伟大的博学者逝世500周年庆祝活动时的一项发现。在那里,他偶然发现了一份以前不为人知的文件,他说文件的日期是1452年秋天,署名的人据说是列奥纳多的父亲。他说,这份文件把一个名叫卡特琳娜的奴隶从她的女主人蒙娜·吉涅夫拉(Monna Ginevra)手中解放了出来。这个列奥纳多出生几个月后的日期,以及列奥纳多的父亲在上面签名的事实,让维奇证明了这个女人就是列奥纳多的母亲。
段三
Two years earlier, according to the same document, Ginevra had hired Caterina out as a wet nurse to a Florentine knight. "I discovered the document about a slave named Caterina five years ago and it became an obsession for me," Vecce, professor of Italian literature at the University of Naples "L'Orientale," told CNN.
hire sb. out to sb. 为(某人)工作;受聘于;受雇于;1. He hired himself out to whoever needed his services. 他以前从事临时服务业。
wet nurse 奶妈;乳母;
knight n. 骑士,武士;(古罗马)骑士阶层,(古希腊)雅典的第二等公民;
obsession n. 使人痴迷的人(或物);1. Fitness has become an obsession with him. 他迷上了健身。
参考译文
同一份文件显示,两年前,吉涅夫拉雇用卡特琳娜给一位佛罗伦萨骑士当奶妈。“五年前,我发现了一份关于一个名叫卡特琳娜的奴隶的文件,它让我着迷,”那不勒斯东方大学意大利文学教授维奇告诉美国有线电视新闻网。
精听党每日单词
slave
/sleɪv/ n. 奴隶;
traffick
/'træfɪk/ vt.(尤指非法物品的)交易;
Renaissance
/ˈrenəsɑːns/ n. 文艺复兴时期;
dramatize
/ˈdræmətaɪz/ vt. 使戏剧化;戏剧性地表现;夸张;
account
/əˈkaʊnt/ n. 描述;叙述;报告;
Caucasus
/ˈkɔːkəsəs/ n. 高加索(俄罗斯南部地区,位于黑海和里海之间,等于 Caucasia);高加索山脉(等于 the Caucasus Mountains);
slavery
/ˈsleɪvəri/ n. 奴隶身份;
entitle
/ɪnˈtaɪt(ə)l/ vt. 给…命名(或题名);
inspire
 /ɪnˈspaɪər/ vt. 赋予灵感;引起联想;启发;
anniversary
/ˌænɪˈvɜːrsəri/ n. 周年纪念日;
polymath
/ˈpɑːlimæθ/ n. 博学的人;博学家;
stumble across
 意外发现;偶然遇见;
date
/deɪt/ vt. 注明日期;确定年代;
mistress
/ˈmɪstrəs/ n. 情妇;<英>女教师;(奴仆的)女主人;(宠物的)女主人;
strike sb. as sth.
 给(某人以…)印象;让(某人)觉得;
hire sb. out to sb.
 为(某人)工作;受聘于;受雇于;
wet nurse
 奶妈;乳母;
knight
/naɪt/ n. 骑士,武士;(古罗马)骑士阶层,(古希腊)雅典的第二等公民;
obsession
/əbˈseʃn/ n. 使人痴迷的人(或物);
精听党文化拓展
研究达·芬奇科学工作的历史学家、罗马 Lincei 科学院成员保罗·加卢齐 (Paolo Galluzzi) 告诉 CNN,维切的理论“非常有道理”。“它基于文件,而不仅仅是幻想,”他说。Galluzzi 说,虽然这个故事是作为小说写成的,但它的灵感来自于“学术研究”,并且是 Caterina 背景故事“迄今为止最令人信服的版本”。“我们没有达·芬奇或他母亲或父亲的 DNA,这显然可以提供唯一的科学证据,”他说。“我们依赖文件,而他(Vecce)所依赖的文件非常有说服力。”
然而,并非所有人都同意。
牛津大学著名的达·芬奇学者和艺术史名誉教授马丁·肯普 (Martin Kemp) 对维切的理论表示更为谨慎。在通过电子邮件发送给 CNN 的一份声明中,他将 Vecce 描述为“优秀学者”,但补充说:“令人惊讶的是,他在‘虚构’账户的背景下发表了他的文件。”他说:“有很多人声称达·芬奇的母亲是奴隶。这符合在达·芬奇的背景中找到一些特殊和异国情调的东西的需要,并且与奴隶制的联系符合当前的担忧。”肯普解释说,卡特琳娜是皈依基督教的奴隶的通用名称。他指出,据信委托蒙娜丽莎为其妻子画像的弗朗切斯科·德尔·焦孔多 (Francesco del Giocondo) 买卖奴隶,根据历史记录,他在一年内交易了两个“Caterinas”。
不管关于她身份的真相如何,维奇相信达·芬奇毕生的工作反映了他与母亲的融洽关系。
精听党每日美句
The value of life lies not length of days, but in the use of we make of them.
生命的价值不在于能活多少天,而在于我们如何利用这些日子。
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