每日英语听力外刊精读20230508:美国面临着一场债务噩梦


文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:America faces a debt nightmare
原文发布时间:5 May 2023
America faces a debt nightmare
On a wall in Manhattan, not far from Times Square, America's debt clock ticks higher, from $3trn when it was inaugurated in 1989 to more than $31trn today. After climbing for so many years with no obvious economic fallout, it is easy to ignore, not least because it was moved from its location on a busy street corner to a quiet passageway. But its relentless climb is suddenly a risk to the global economy. That is because its numbers are now butting up against America's debt ceiling—a device as manufactured as the clock itself, though one that presents a far graver danger.
The debt ceiling is the amount Congress has authorised America's government to borrow in order to meet its basic obligations, from providing medical insurance to paying military salaries. The current ceiling for gross debt is $31.4trn (117% of GDP), and America is careening towards it. On May 1st Janet Yellen, the treasury secretary, warned that the government was set to exhaust its cash reserves and run out of budgetary gimmicks as soon as June 1st.
At this point, America would face either a sovereign default or swingeing cuts to state spending. Either outcome would be devastating for global markets. A default would undermine faith in the world's most important financial system; big budget cuts could trigger a deep recession. Even if Congress manages to raise the debt ceiling before anything so dire happens, its flirtation with disaster serves as a warning about the deterioration of America's fiscal health and the difficulty of recovering it.

美国面临着一场债务噩梦

精听党背景导读
美国有很多要担心的事情:俄乌冲突可能升级,新冠疫情可能卷土重来,债务正在爆炸,经济“硬着陆”不断迫近,环境灾难每天发生。此外,美国国内已经几十年没有像现在这样政治分裂了,可能从内战后就再也没有出现过。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:America faces a debt nightmare原文发布时间:5 May 2023关键词:美国 债务 危机

精听党带着问题听
1.“债务上限”用英语可以怎么表达?2. 如何理解第二段中的“careen”?3. 美国可以怎么避免主权违约?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
America faces a debt nightmare
美国面临着一场债务噩梦
debt n. 借款;欠款;债务;1. in debt 负债;欠情;2. be in sb.’s debt 欠某人的人情债;受某人的恩惠;感激某人;
nightmare n. 噩梦;可怕的经历;难以处理之事;
段一
On a wall in Manhattan, not far from Times Square, America’s debt clock ticks higher, from $3trn when it was inaugurated in 1989 to more than $31trn today. After climbing for so many years with no obvious economic fallout, it is easy to ignore, not least because it was moved from its location on a busy street corner to a quiet passageway. But its relentless climb is suddenly a risk to the global economy. That is because its numbers are now butting up against America’s debt ceiling—a device as manufactured as the clock itself, though one that presents a far graver danger.
Manhattan n. 曼哈顿岛(美国的一个区);
not far from 离…不远;
inaugurate vt. 为…举行落成仪式;开创;
fallout n. 后果,余波;(核爆炸后的)放射性坠尘;
not least 尤其;相当重要地;
passageway n. 通道;走廊;
relentless adj. 不停的,不间断的;1. relentless pursuit of perfection 对完美的不懈追求;
butt vi. 毗连,相邻;
debt ceiling 债务上限;
manufacture vt. 制造,加工;
graver adj. 更重大的,更严峻的;
参考译文
在曼哈顿离时代广场不远的一面墙上,美国的债务时钟滴答作响,自1989年以来,该时钟的数字一直在不断攀升,从最初的3万亿美元增加到如今的超过31万亿美元。经过这么多年的攀升,却没有明显的经济影响,人们很容易忽视它,尤其是它从繁华的街角搬到了安静的通道上。然而,这个时钟的持续上升现在对全球经济构成了威胁,因为它逼近了美国的债务上限。债务上限是一个类似于时钟的人为装置,但它可能带来更严重的后果。
段二
The debt ceiling is the amount Congress has authorised America’s government to borrow in order to meet its basic obligations, from providing medical insurance to paying military salaries. The current ceiling for gross debt is $31.4trn (117% of GDP), and America is careening towards it. On May 1st Janet Yellen, the treasury secretary, warned that the government was set to exhaust its cash reserves and run out of budgetary gimmicks as soon as June 1st.
amount n. 数量,量;金额,钱数;
authorise vt. 授权;批准;
obligation n. 义务;债务;承付款项;
medical insurance 医疗保险;
careen vi.(尤指危险或失控地)猛冲,疾驶;
treasury secretary 财政部长;
exhaust vt. 用完;花光;耗尽;1. Don't give up until you have exhausted all the possibilities. 只要还有可能就别放弃。
cash reserves 现金储蓄,现金余额;
run out of 用完;
budgetary adj. 预算的;
gimmick n. 暗机关;骗人的玩意;花招;
参考译文
债务上限是国会授权美国政府借款以履行其基本职责的金额,例如提供医疗保险和向军人支付薪水。目前,总债务上限为3.14万亿美元(占GDP的117%),美国正在加速实现这一目标。5月1日,美国财政部长珍妮特·耶伦表达了她的担心,称政府最早可能在6月1日耗尽其现金储备并耗尽预算资金。
段三
At this point, America would face either a sovereign default or swingeing cuts to state spending. Either outcome would be devastating for global markets. A default would undermine faith in the world’s most important financial system; big budget cuts could trigger a deep recession. Even if Congress manages to raise the debt ceiling before anything so dire happens, its flirtation with disaster serves as a warning about the deterioration of America’s fiscal health and the difficulty of recovering it.
sovereign adj. 有主权的;完全独立的;
default n. 违约(尤指未偿付债务);1. in default 违约;失职;2. in default of sth. 由于缺乏…;因为没有…;
swingeing adj. 巨额的;严重的;巨大的;1. swingeing tax increases 征税大幅提高;
outcome n. 结果,效果;
devastating adj. 毁灭性的,极具破坏力的;
undermine vt. 逐渐削弱(损害);故意破坏(某人)的形象(或威信);
trigger vt. 起动,触发;
recession n.(经济的)衰退(期);
dire adj. 极其严重的,极可怕的;1. living in dire poverty 生活赤贫;
flirtation n. 不认真对待;一时的参与;
serves as 起到…的作用;
deterioration n. 恶化;
fiscal adj.(政府)财政的;
参考译文
此时,美国要么面临主权违约,要么面临大幅削减政府开支。任何一种结果都将对全球市场造成毁灭性打击。违约将削弱人们对全球最重要金融体系的信心;大幅削减预算可能引发严重的经济衰退。即使国会设法在如此可怕的事情发生之前提高债务上限,它对灾难的一时参与也警告了美国财政健康状况的恶化和恢复的困难。
精听党每日单词
debt
/det/ n. 借款;欠款;债务;
nightmare
/ˈnaɪtmer/ n. 噩梦;可怕的经历;难以处理之事;
Manhattan
/mənˈhætən/ n. 曼哈顿岛(美国的一个区);
not far from
 离…不远;
inaugurate
/ɪˈnɔːɡjəreɪt/ vt. 为…举行落成仪式;开创;
fallout
/ˈfɔːlaʊt/ n. 后果,余波;(核爆炸后的)放射性坠尘;
not least
 尤其;相当重要地;
passageway
/ˈpæsɪdʒweɪ/ n. 通道;走廊;
relentless
/rɪˈlentləs/ adj. 不停的,不间断的;
butt
/bʌt/ vi. 毗连,相邻;
debt ceiling
 债务上限;
manufacture
/ˌmænjuˈfæktʃər/ vt. 制造,加工;
graver
/ˈɡreɪvər/ adj. 更重大的,更严峻的;
amount
/əˈmaʊnt/ n. 数量,量;金额,钱数;
authorise
/ˈɔːθəraɪz/ vt. 授权;批准;
obligation
/ˌɑːblɪˈɡeɪʃn/ n. 义务;债务;承付款项;
medical insurance
 医疗保险;
careen
/kəˈriːn/ vi.(尤指危险或失控地)猛冲,疾驶;
treasury secretary
 财政部长;
exhaust
/ɪɡˈzɔːst/ vt. 用完;花光;耗尽;
cash reserves
 现金储蓄,现金余额;
run out of
 用完;
budgetary
/ˈbʌdʒɪteri/ adj. 预算的;
gimmick
/ˈɡɪmɪk/ n. 暗机关;骗人的玩意;花招;
sovereign
/ˈsɑːvrɪn/ adj. 有主权的;完全独立的;
default
/dɪˈfɔːltˌˈdiːfɔːlt/ n. 违约(尤指未偿付债务);
swingeing
/ˈswɪndʒɪŋ/ adj. 巨额的;严重的;巨大的;
outcome
/ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 结果,效果;
devastating
/ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/ adj. 毁灭性的,极具破坏力的;
undermine
/ˌʌndərˈmaɪn/ vt. 逐渐削弱(损害);故意破坏(某人)的形象(或威信);
trigger
/ˈtrɪɡər/ vt. 起动,触发;
recession
/rɪˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.(经济的)衰退(期);
dire
/ˈdaɪər/ adj. 极其严重的,极可怕的;
flirtation
/flɜːrˈteɪʃn/ n. 不认真对待;一时的参与;
serve as
 起到…的作用;
deterioration
/dɪˌtɪriəˈreɪʃn/ n. 恶化;
fiscal
/ˈfɪsk(ə)l/ adj.(政府)财政的;
精听党文化拓展
报道称,耶伦敦促麦卡锡等人,“国会必须尽快采取行动,提高债务上限或暂时使债务上限失效”。她表示,美国政府1月时达到了债务上限,从那时开始一直在采用“非常规措施”维持以避免债务违约。另一方面,她还说,“不可能完全预测财政部无法支付政府账单的确切日期,我将在未来几周继续通知国会最新情况”。
“我们从过去的债务上限僵局中了解到,等到最后一刻才暂停或提高债务上限可能会严重损害企业和消费者信心,提高纳税人的短期借款成本,并对美国的信用评级产生负面影响。”她写道。
另据媒体报道,面对潜在的债务违约风险,美国财政部长耶伦曾在4月25日警告过,他说如果国会接下来未能提高债务上限、由此产生违约,届时将引发一场经济和金融灾难,并在未来几年推高利率。“我们的债务违约将导致经济和金融灾难,违约会永久提高借款成本,未来的投资成本将大大增加。”
耶伦还表示,如果不提高债务上限,美国企业将面临不断恶化的信贷市场,美国政府可能无法向依赖社会保障的军人家庭和老年人发放款项。美国债务违约还将导致失业,同时推高家庭抵押贷款、汽车贷款和信用卡的还款额。
此前,特斯拉CEO埃隆·马斯克也表达了对此事的看法。4月18日,白宫在推特上发布了一段剪辑过的视频,里面的内容是2019年特朗普和2023年众议院议长麦卡锡对债务的抨击。白宫还写道:“美国债务违约,然后让你们付出代价,这是众议院共和党唯一摆在桌面上的计划。”4月19日,马斯克在白宫这条推特下评论称:“考虑到联邦支出,我们违约只是时间问题,而不是是否会违约。”
精听党每日美句
He that is foolish in the fault, let him be wise in the punishment.
在错误中显得愚蠢的人,让他在惩罚中变得聪明。
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