文本选自：The New York Times（纽约时报）
作者：Natalie Kitroeff and Julie Turkewitz
原文标题：What’s Driving Record Levels of Migration to the U.S. Border?
原文发布时间：11 May 2023
What's Driving Record Levels of Migration to the U.S. Border?
Millions of people are leaving their homes across Latin America in numbers not seen in decades, many of them pressing toward the United States. While migration to the U.S. southern border has always fluctuated, the pandemic and the recession that followed hit Latin America harder than almost anywhere else in the world, plunging millions into hunger, destitution and despair. A generation of progress against extreme poverty was wiped out. Unemployment hit a two-decade high.
Economic shocks were worsened by violence, as conflict between armed groups festered in once relatively peaceful countries and raged in places long accustomed to the terror. Amid these events, smugglers and migrants alike have pushed powerful social media campaigns, many rife with misinformation, that have encouraged people to migrate to the United States. This accumulation of grim factors means that when a pandemic-era border restriction known as Title 42 lifts this week, the United States will be confronted with an immigration challenge even more daunting than the one it faced when the measure was first imposed.
For the last three years, the American government has tried to curtail the record flows of people arriving at the U.S. border by using the public-health measure to quickly expel those who crossed illegally. However, when Title 42 expires, migrants who enter the country illegally will have the opportunity to apply for asylum, something many were barred from doing during the three years the public-health restriction was in place.
什么助推了美国边境移民的创纪录水平？
精听党背景导读
据美国《华盛顿邮报》网站5月11日报道，随着新冠疫情边境限制措施的解除，美国迎来创纪录移民潮。报道称，在里奥格兰德与美国边境墙之间一片尘土飞扬的美国土地上，成千上万的移民本周涌向朝着进入美国方向敞开的两座大门。
文本选自：The New York Times（纽约时报）作者：Natalie Kitroeff and Julie Turkewitz原文标题：What's Driving Record Levels of Migration to the U.S. Border?原文发布时间：11 May 2023关键词：拉丁美洲 移民 美国
精听党带着问题听
1. 据文中描述，是什么造成拉丁美洲数百万人陷入困境之中？2. 如何用英文表达“抹去”？3. 在过去三年里，美国通过什么措施减少美国边境移民人数？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
What's Driving Record Levels of Migration to the U.S. Border?
什么助推了美国边境移民的创纪录水平？
record n. （最高或最低的）纪录；1. an all-time record 历史最佳纪录；2. the long-jump/100-metres record 跳远/100米跑的纪录；3. a speed record 最高速度纪录；
migration n. 移民，移居；
段一
Millions of people are leaving their homes across Latin America in numbers not seen in decades, many of them pressing toward the United States. While migration to the U.S. southern border has always fluctuated, the pandemic and the recession that followed hit Latin America harder than almost anywhere else in the world, plunging millions into hunger, destitution and despair. A generation of progress against extreme poverty was wiped out. Unemployment hit a two-decade high.
in numbers 大量的；
press vt.（向…）拥挤，推搡着移动；1. to press through/in or into/out of/around sth. 挤过/挤入/挤出/围住某物；
fluctuate vi. 波动，起伏不定；1. Body temperature can fluctuate if you are ill. 如果你病了，体温会波动。
recession n. （经济的）衰退（期）；经济萎缩；
plunge vt. 陷入；
destitution n. 穷困；缺乏；
despair n. 绝望；令人绝望的人或事；1. He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷入绝望。
wipe out 抹去；消灭，彻底摧毁；1. We'll wipe out any enemy that dares to invade our territory. 敌人胆敢来犯，我们就把它消灭。
参考译文
拉丁美洲数以百万计的人以数十年来未见的人数离开自己的家园，许多人涌向美国。尽管向美国南部边境的移民一直在波动，但大流行病和经济衰退对拉丁美洲的冲击比世界上几乎任何其他地方都更严重，造成数百万人陷入饥饿、贫困和绝望之中。一代人在消除极端贫困方面取得的进展被抹去了。失业率创下两个十年来的新高。
段二
Economic shocks were worsened by violence, as conflict between armed groups festered in once relatively peaceful countries and raged in places long accustomed to the terror. Amid these events, smugglers and migrants alike have pushed powerful social media campaigns, many rife with misinformation, that have encouraged people to migrate to the United States. This accumulation of grim factors means that when a pandemic-era border restriction known as Title 42 lifts this week, the United States will be confronted with an immigration challenge even more daunting than the one it faced when the measure was first imposed.
worsen vt.（使）恶化，（使）更糟；1. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. 如果粮食状况持续恶化，那整个世界将以越来越快的速度崩溃。
armed adj. 武装的；1. armed force 武装部队；2. armed conflict 武装冲突；3. armed groups 武装团体；
All the armed groups will be disbanded. 所有武装团体将被解散。
fester vi. 愈益恶化；更加苦恼；1. Wounds festered in the damp, they never healed. 伤口在潮湿中溃烂，永远也不能愈合。
rage vi. 肆虐；猛烈地继续；激烈进行；
accustomed to 习惯于；
terror n. 惊恐；恐惧；惊骇；
amid prep. 在…过程中，在…中；
smuggler n. 走私犯，偷运者；1. According to present law, the authorities can only punish smugglers with small fines. 根据现行法律，当局只能对走私者处以小额罚款。
rife adj. 充斥，充满（坏事）；1. (full) to be rife with 充斥…；
misinformation n. 误报；错误的消息；
grim adj. 严肃的，坚定的；
be confronted with 面对，面临；
daunting adj. 使人畏惧的，使人气馁的；
参考译文
暴力事件加剧了经济冲击，因为武装团体之间的冲突在曾经相对和平的国家恶化，并在长期处于恐怖的地方肆虐。在这些事件中，走私者和移民都推动了强大的社交媒体活动，其中许多充斥着错误信息，鼓励人们移民到美国。这些严峻因素的累积意味着，当被称为 Title 42 的大流行时期边境限制在本周解除时，美国将面临比该措施首次实施时更令人生畏的移民挑战。
段三
For the last three years, the American government has tried to curtail the record flows of people arriving at the U.S. border by using the public-health measure to quickly expel those who crossed illegally. However, when Title 42 expires, migrants who enter the country illegally will have the opportunity to apply for asylum, something many were barred from doing during the three years the public-health restriction was in place.
curtail vt. 减缩，限制；1. Meanwhile, Russia may curtail exports. 与此同时，俄罗斯可能会削减出口。
expel vt. 开除；驱逐；
asylum n. 政治避难，政治庇护；
be barred from 被禁止；
in place 在进行中；在实施中；
参考译文
在过去的三年里，美国政府试图通过使用公共卫生措施迅速驱逐非法越境者来减少创纪录的入境美国边境的人数。然而，当 Title 42 到期时，非法进入该国的移民将有机会申请庇护，而在公共卫生限制实施的三年中，许多人被禁止这样做。
精听党每日单词
record
/ˈrekərd/ n. （最高或最低的）纪录；
migration
/maɪˈɡreɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 移民，移居；
in numbers
大量的；
press
/pres/ vt.（向…）拥挤，推搡着移动；
fluctuate
/ˈflʌktʃueɪt/ vi. 波动，起伏不定；
recession
/rɪˈseʃ(ə)n/ n. （经济的）衰退（期）；经济萎缩；
plunge
/plʌndʒ/ vt. 陷入；
destitution
/ˌdestɪˈtuːʃ(ə)n/ n. 穷困；缺乏；
despair
/dɪˈsper/ n. 绝望；令人绝望的人或事；
wipe out
抹去；消灭，彻底摧毁；
worsen
/wɜːrs(ə)n/ vt.（使）恶化，（使）更糟；
armed
/ɑːrmd/ adj. 武装的；
fester
/ˈfestər/ vi. 愈益恶化；更加苦恼；
rage
/reɪdʒ/ vi. 肆虐；猛烈地继续；激烈进行；
accustomed to
习惯于；
terror
/ˈterər/ n. 惊恐；恐惧；惊骇；
amid
/əˈmɪd/ prep. 在…过程中，在…中；
smuggler
/ˈsmʌɡ(ə)lər/ n. 走私犯，偷运者；
rife
/raɪf/ adj. 充斥，充满（坏事）；
misinformation
/ˌmɪsɪnfərˈmeɪʃn/ n. 误报；错误的消息；
grim
/ɡrɪm/ adj. 严肃的，坚定的；
be confronted with
面对，面临；
daunting
/ˈdɑːn.t̬ɪŋ/ adj. 使人畏惧的，使人气馁的；
curtail
/kɜːrˈteɪl/ vt. 减缩，限制；
expel
/ɪkˈspel/ vt. 开除；驱逐；
asylum
/əˈsaɪləm/ n. 政治避难，政治庇护；
be barred from
被禁止；
in place
在进行中；在实施中；
精听党文化拓展
报道称，本周，每天发生的非法越境事件超过1万起，达到有史以来的最高水平，使得边境巡逻站和入境办理设施人满为患，不堪重负。10日，美国边境巡逻队队长劳尔·奥尔蒂斯发表备忘录，授权各巡逻站和办理点在拘留设施超过容量的125%或其他门槛突破时，可以在没有确定法庭开庭日期的情况下紧急释放移民。此举被视为混乱的大规模释放的开始。
报道还称，根据最新美国政府数据，本周美国海关与边境保护局官员在边境沿线拘留室拘留的移民和办理点接待的移民总数超过2.5万人，为该系统额定容量的3倍。
另据西班牙《国家报》网站5月11日报道，“第42条”到期这个里程碑式事件将标志着美国移民政策从5月12日开始进入一个新时代。
报道称，一场全面的政治斗争正在华盛顿和边境州议会展开，并将涉及2024年总统竞选的决定性问题之一，同样也是共和党最强硬的鹰派人士不顾一切要触碰的最棘手的问题之一。他们描绘了一幅“开放边境”的世界末日般景象，认为此举将引来一场“入侵”。
11日，美国国土安全部长亚历杭德罗·马约卡斯在华盛顿举行的新闻发布会上直截了当地表示：“我想说清楚：我们的边界并没有开放。那些非法越境且没有理由留在我们境内的人将被立即驱逐。那些在午夜后抵达的人将被视为没有资格获得庇护，并将为他们的非法入境行为承担严重后果，包括至少5年内禁止再次入境，并可能遭到刑事起诉。”
精听党每日美句
The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.
实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。