文本选自：The New York Times（纽约时报）
作者：Adam Liptak
原文标题：Supreme Court Rejects Voting Map That Diluted Black Voters’ Power
原文发布时间：8 Jun. 2023
Supreme Court Rejects Voting Map That Diluted Black Voters' Power
The Supreme Court, in a surprise decision, ruled on Thursday that Alabama had diluted the power of Black voters by drawing a congressional voting map with a single district in which they made up a majority. Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. wrote the majority opinion in the 5-to-4 ruling. He was joined by Justice Brett M. Kavanaugh and the court's three liberal members, Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan and Ketanji Brown Jackson. Voting rights advocates had feared the decision would undermine the Voting Rights Act, which instead appeared to emerge unscathed.
The chief justice wrote that there were legitimate concerns that the law "may impermissibly elevate race in the allocation of political power within the states." He added: "Our opinion today does not diminish or disregard these concerns. It simply holds that a faithful application of our precedents and a fair reading of the record before us do not bear them out here."
The case was part of a pitched battle over redistricting playing out across the country. Civil rights leaders say the redistricting process often disadvantages growing minority communities. Republican state officials say the Constitution allows only a limited role for the consideration of race in drawing voting districts. The case started after Alabama's Legislature, which is controlled by Republicans, redrew the congressional map to take account of the 2020 census. The state has seven congressional districts, and its voting-age population is about 27 percent Black. The new map maintained a single district in which Black voters made up a majority.
最高法院驳回了削弱黑人选民权力的选区划分
精听党背景导读
美国联邦最高法院当地时间8日裁定，阿拉巴马州选区划分违反《选举权法》，该州需重新划分选区。在该案的裁决中，最高法院的9名大法官中有5人认为阿拉巴马州选区划分违法，4人认为阿拉巴马州选区划分合法。
对于最高法院的裁决，美国司法部长加兰表示支持。加兰当天发表声明说，最高法院的裁决表明，“在行使宪法赋予的投票权方面，任何人都不应因种族而受到歧视”。
文本选自：The New York Times（纽约时报）作者：Adam Liptak原文标题：Supreme Court Rejects Voting Map That Diluted Black Voters’ Power原文发布时间：8 Jun. 2023关键词：美国 选区 种族
精听党带着问题听
1.“充分估计”用英语可以怎么表达？2. 如何理解段二中的“impermissibly ”？3. 首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨（John G. Roberts Jr.）得到了哪几位人员的支持？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Supreme Court Rejects Voting Map That Diluted Black Voters' Power
最高法院驳回了削弱黑人选民权力的选区划分
Supreme Court 最高法院；
reject vt. 拒绝，不接受；1. She rejected his proposal and decided to pursue her own dreams. 她拒绝了他的求婚，决定追寻自己的梦想。
voting map 选举地图；选区地图；
dilute vt. 稀释，冲淡；削弱；1. You need to dilute the juice with water before drinking it. 你需要在喝之前用水稀释果汁。2. The flavor of the soup was diluted when too much broth was added. 当加入太多的汤底时，汤的味道被稀释了。
段一
The Supreme Court, in a surprise decision, ruled on Thursday that Alabama had diluted the power of Black voters by drawing a congressional voting map with a single district in which they made up a majority. Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. wrote the majority opinion in the 5-to-4 ruling. He was joined by Justice Brett M. Kavanaugh and the court's three liberal members, Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan and Ketanji Brown Jackson. Voting rights advocates had feared the decision would undermine the Voting Rights Act, which instead appeared to emerge unscathed.
rule vt. 决定；裁定；判决；
congressional adj. 国会的；国会议员的；1. The congressional committee is responsible for reviewing proposed laws. 国会委员会负责审查提议的法律。2. The senator gave a speech on the congressional floor. 参议员在国会议场发表了演讲。
make up 组成；合成；1. The team is made up of talented players from different countries. 该团队由来自不同国家的才华横溢的球员组成。2. She tried to make up for her mistake by apologizing sincerely. 她试图通过真诚道歉来弥补她的错误。
majority n. 大多数；多数派；1. The majority of people prefer to travel during the summer vacation. 该团队由来自不同国家的才华横溢的球员组成。2. The ruling party has a majority in the parliament. 她试图通过真诚道歉来弥补她的错误。
ruling n. 裁决；判决；1. The court's ruling favored the plaintiff and awarded them compensation. 法院的裁决有利于原告并给予了他们赔偿。2. adj. 统治的；执政的；
The ruling party implemented new policies to address the economic crisis. 执政党实施了新的政策来应对经济危机。
advocate n. 倡导者；拥护者；1. Environmental advocates are calling for stricter regulations on pollution. 环境倡导者呼吁对污染实施更严格的监管。2. v. 主张；拥护；
She advocates for equal rights and opportunities for all. 她倡导为所有人争取平等的权利和机会。
undermine vt. 削弱；破坏；暗中破坏；1. Gossiping about colleagues can undermine trust and team morale. 闲聊同事的事情可能会破坏信任和团队士气。2. The economic crisis undermined the stability of the financial system. 经济危机削弱了金融体系的稳定性。
emerge vt. 出现；浮现；暴露；显露；1. After a long period of darkness, the first signs of dawn emerged. 在长时间的黑暗之后，第一缕黎明出现了。2. A talented artist emerged from the local art community. 一位才华横溢的艺术家从当地艺术界崭露头角。
unscathed adj. 未受伤的；未受损的；1. Despite the accident, the driver emerged unscathed. 尽管发生了事故，驾驶员毫发无损地脱险。2. The building survived the earthquake unscathed. 建筑在地震中幸免于难。
参考译文
最高法院在一项意外的决定中裁定，阿拉巴马州通过划定一个选区，其中黑人选民占多数，削弱了黑人选民的权力。首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨（John G. Roberts Jr.）在这项以5比4的裁决中撰写了多数意见。他得到了大法官布雷特·卡瓦诺（Brett M. Kavanaugh）以及法院的三名自由派成员，大法官索尼娅·索托马约尔（Sonia Sotomayor）、埃琳娜·卡根（Elena Kagan）和凯坦吉·布朗·杰克逊（Ketanji Brown Jackson）的支持。选民权益倡导者曾担心这一决定将削弱《选举权法案》，但该法案似乎没有受到影响。
段二
The chief justice wrote that there were legitimate concerns that the law "may impermissibly elevate race in the allocation of political power within the states.”He added:" Our opinion today does not diminish or disregard these concerns. It simply holds that a faithful application of our precedents and a fair reading of the record before us do not bear them out here.”
chief justice 首席大法官；
legitimate adj. 合法的；正当的；1. He had legitimate reasons for being absent from work. 他有合理的理由缺席工作。2. The company took legitimate steps to protect its intellectual property. 公司采取了合法的措施来保护其知识产权。
concern n. 关切；担心；1. The safety concerns of the neighborhood residents were addressed by the local government. 当地政府解决了居民对安全的关切。2. The company's financial concerns led to a decrease in spending. 公司的财务担忧导致了支出的减少。
impermissibly adv. 不允许地；违反规定地；1. The company impermissibly used customer data for unauthorized purposes. 该公司未经许可地将客户数据用于未经授权的目的2. The court ruled that the evidence was obtained impermissibly and could not be used in the trial. 法院裁定该证据是非法获得的，不能在审判中使用。
elevate vt. 提升；提高；抬高；1. Her promotion elevated her to a managerial position. 她的晋升使她升至管理职位2. The new policies aim to elevate the living standards of the underprivileged. 新政策旨在提升贫困人口的生活水平。
allocation n. 分配；分派；分配额；1. The allocation of funds was based on the needs of each department. 资金的分配是基于每个部门的需求。2. The teacher made a fair allocation of classroom responsibilities among the students. 老师在学生中进行了公正的课堂责任分配。
diminish vt. 减少；降低；缩小；1. Her influence in the company diminished after her retirement. 她在公司的影响力在退休后逐渐减弱。
disregard vt. 忽视；不理会；不顾；1. He disregarded the warning signs and proceeded with the risky investment. 他无视警告信号，继续进行冒险的投资。2. The company's decision to disregard customer feedback led to a decline in sales. 公司无视客户反馈的决定导致销售额下降。
precedent n. 先例；前例；1. The judge referred to similar precedents to make a fair ruling. 法官参考了类似的先例作出公正的裁决。2. They set a precedent by allowing employees to work remotely. 他们通过允许员工远程工作来树立了一个先例。
reading n. 阅读；读物；解读；1. She enjoys leisurely reading during her free time. 她喜欢在空闲时间悠闲地阅读。2. The reading of the poem at the ceremony moved everyone to tears. 在仪式上朗读这首诗让每个人感动得流泪。
bear out 证实；证明；支持；1. The evidence presented in court bears out the defendant's innocence. 法庭上呈现的证据证实了被告的清白。
参考译文
首席大法官写道，人们有理由担心，“该项法律可能会在国内政治权力配置中，过度提升种族地位”。他补充说：“我们今天的意见并没有减弱或忽视这些担忧。它只是认为，对我们之前判例的忠诚参考和对我们面前记录的公正解读，并不支持这些担忧。”
段三
The case was part of a pitched battle over redistricting playing out across the country. Civil rights leaders say the redistricting process often disadvantages growing minority communities. Republican state officials say the Constitution allows only a limited role for the consideration of race in drawing voting districts. The case started after Alabama's Legislature, which is controlled by Republicans, redrew the congressional map to take account of the 2020 census. The state has seven congressional districts, and its voting-age population is about 27 percent Black. The new map maintained a single district in which Black voters made up a majority.
pitched adj. （选举中）激烈的；1. pitch n. 音调；音高；
Her voice had a high pitch that could shatter glass. 她的声音尖锐得可以打碎玻璃。
2. pitch v. 投掷；推销；
The salesperson pitched the product to potential customers. 销售员向潜在客户推销产品。
redistricting n. 新行政区划；
play out 发生；演变；逐渐消失；1. The situation played out exactly as I had predicted. 情况正如我所预测的那样发展。2. The drama played out over several episodes, keeping the audience engaged. 这部戏剧在几集中逐渐展开，吸引了观众的注意力。3. unfold v.（使）逐渐展现；展示；透露；4. occur v. 发生；出现；
constitution n. 宪法；章程；
redraw vt. 重画；
take account of 考虑；充分估计；1. When planning the project, you need to take account of potential risks. 在计划项目时，你需要考虑潜在的风险。2. The new policy takes account of feedback from various stakeholders. 新政策充分考虑了来自各方利益相关者的反馈。
census n. 人口普查；统计；1. The government conducts a census every ten years to gather demographic data. 政府每十年进行一次人口普查，以收集人口统计数据。2. The census revealed an increase in the city's population over the past decade. 人口普查显示过去十年城市人口增加了。
参考译文
在全国范围内发生的一场关于选区划分的激烈战斗中，这个案件是其中的一部分。民权领袖表示，选区划分的过程常常对不断增长的少数族裔社区造成不利影响。共和党州政府官员表示，宪法只允许在划定选区时有限地考虑种族因素。这个案件始于阿拉巴马州的立法机构（由共和党控制），他们在考虑2020年人口普查数据后重新划定了国会选区图。该州有七个国会选区，投票年龄人口中大约有27%是黑人。新的选区图中仍保留了一个黑人选民占多数的选区。
精听党每日单词
Supreme Court
最高法院；
reject
/rɪˈdʒekt/ vt. 拒绝，不接受；
voting map
选举地图；选区地图；
dilute
/daɪˈluːt/ vt. 稀释，冲淡；削弱；
rule
/ruːl/ vt. 决定；裁定；判决；
congressional
/kənˈɡreʃən(ə)l/ adj. 国会的；国会议员的；
make up
组成；合成；
majority
/məˈdʒɔːrəti/ n. 大多数；多数派；
ruling
/ˈruːlɪŋ/ n. 裁决；判决；
advocate
/ˈædvəkeɪt/ n. 倡导者；拥护者；
undermine
/ˌʌndərˈmaɪn/ vt. 削弱；破坏；暗中破坏；
emerge
/ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/ vt. 出现；浮现；暴露；显露；
unscathed
/ʌnˈskeɪðd/ adj. 未受伤的；未受损的；
chief justice
首席大法官；
legitimate
/lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/ adj. 合法的；正当的；
concern
/kənˈsɜːrn/ n. 关切；担心；
impermissibly
/ˌɪmpərˈmɪsəbli/ adv. 不允许地；违反规定地；
elevate
/ˈelɪveɪt/ vt. 提升；提高；抬高；
allocation
/ˌæləˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 分配；分派；分配额；
diminish
/dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ vt. 减少；降低；缩小；
disregard
/ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːrd/ vt. 忽视；不理会；不顾；
precedent
/ˈpresɪdənt/ n. 先例；前例；
reading
/ˈriːdɪŋ/ n. 阅读；读物；解读；
bear out
证实；证明；支持；
pitched
/pɪtʃt/ adj. （选举中）激烈的；
redistricting
/ˌriːˈdɪstrɪktɪŋ/ n. 新行政区划；
play out
发生；演变；逐渐消失；
constitution
/ˌkɑːnstɪˈtuːʃn/ n. 宪法；章程；
redraw
/ˌriːˈdrɔː/ vt. 重画；
take account of
考虑；充分估计；
census
/ˈsensəs/ n. 人口普查；统计；
精听党文化拓展
2022年的选举标志着首次使用根据更新的人口普查数据绘制的新选区。这些选区通常持续十年，但在一些州可能是短暂的。法院的挑战可能会迫使立法者或特别委员会在2024年国会和州议会代表选举之前重新绘制一组地图。这意味着刚刚转移到新的美国众议院或州立法区的选民在下次投票时可以分组到不同的社区。
选区重划中的种族问题：美国最高法院周四维持了一项下级法院的裁决，即阿拉巴马州的国会选区可能违反了联邦投票权法案，稀释了黑人选民的政治权力。
这项裁决意味着，阿拉巴马州共和党领导的立法机构和共和党州长可能不得不重新划定新的美国众议院选区，其中黑人选民占多数或接近多数，在阿拉巴马州七个选区中的两个，而不是只有一个。这项裁决还可能导致路易斯安那州和乔治亚州出现新的美国众议院选区。
在考虑阿拉巴马州的案件时，最高法院搁置了一项类似的下级法院裁决，即路易斯安那州的选区必须重新划分，以创建第二个黑人占多数的地区。这可能会被取消。乔治亚州的一名联邦法官去年也表示，该州的一些国会和州立法区可能违反了《投票权法案》，但尚未做出最终裁决。
非营利组织竞选法律中心的高级选区划分主任马克·加伯律师说，阿拉巴马州的裁决为全国各地的类似案件“注入了新的活力”。
在德克萨斯州，对投票权法案的挑战还处于早期阶段。诉讼还声称，州立法区削弱了华盛顿州西班牙裔居民和北达科他州印第安人的投票力量。
尽管基于不同的法律理论，但其他诉讼声称，在阿肯色州和佛罗里达州，选区的划分损害了少数族裔的选票。最高法院还同意审查下级法院关于南卡罗来纳州国会选区歧视黑人选民的裁决。
精听党每日美句
If people can take advantage of the might orgasm can certainly successful.
人们要是能趁着高潮一往直前，一定可以功成名就。