文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）
作者：Unknown
原文标题：The world’s most liveable cities in 2023
原文发布时间：23 Jun. 2023
The world's most liveable cities in 2023
Living conditions in cities across the world have fully recovered from the deterioration caused by the covid-19 pandemic, EIU's latest liveability index shows. It rates living conditions in 173 cities across five categories: stability, health care, culture and environment, education and infrastructure. Cities in the Asia-Pacific region have rebounded the most. The index also suggests that life in cities is a bit better than at any time in the past 15 years. Our charts below show which cities topped the ranking.
The liveability survey was designed to help companies calculate hardship allowances for staff who were moving to a new—and possibly less tolerable—city. As a by-product, it also provides a snapshot of the most, and least, desirable cities to live in, at least if you're an expat. Vienna, with its excellent mix of stability, culture and entertainment, and reliable infrastructure, tops the ranking for the fourth time in five years. Copenhagen, a similarly sized city with many of the same characteristics, is second. Melbourne, a fixture at the top of the ranking in the past, comes in third. In all, nine of the top ten cities are small to mid-sized; all ten, and indeed most of the top 50, are in rich countries.
Big cities with high levels of crime, congestion and density tend to fare less well. London—down 12 places from a year ago—comes in 46th and New York is down ten spots to 69th. Wellington and Auckland have climbed 35 and 25 places compared with a year ago; Hanoi is up 20 and Kuala Lumpur jumped 19 positions. Post-pandemic improvements in education and health-care scores across Asia, Africa and the Middle East were the main reasons for this year's rise in living standards.
2023年全球最宜居城市
精听党背景导读
近年来，城市化进程越来越快，一些城市不断追求环境、空气等各方面效益，致力于打造最宜居的生活氛围，让公众生活更美好。
在最新的2023年全球宜居指数报告中，新西兰城市奥克兰与日本大阪并列为全球第10位，惠灵顿则排名第23位。其中奥克兰排名第10，相较去年跃升了25位。惠灵顿是新西兰上升幅度最大的城市，比去年上升了35位。
文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）作者：Unknown原文标题：The world’s most liveable cities in 2023原文发布时间：23 Jun. 2023关键词：宜居 指数 排名
精听党带着问题听
1.“宜居指数”用英语可以怎么表达？2. 如何理解段二中的“hardship allowance”？3. 伦敦的宜居指数排名第几？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
The world’s most liveable cities in 2023
2023年全球最宜居城市
liveable
adj. 宜居的，适宜居住的；1. The city has invested in improving its infrastructure to make it more livable for residents. 该城市已投资改善基础设施，使其对居民更加宜居。
段一
Living conditions in cities across the world have fully recovered from the deterioration caused by the covid-19 pandemic, EIU’s latest liveability index shows. It rates living conditions in 173 cities across five categories: stability, health care, culture and environment, education and infrastructure. Cities in the Asia-Pacific region have rebounded the most. The index also suggests that life in cities is a bit better than at any time in the past 15 years. Our charts below show which cities topped the ranking.
deterioration n. 恶化；1. The deterioration of the old building was evident in its crumbling walls. 这座旧建筑的破损墙壁表明它的状况在恶化。2. The deterioration of air quality in the city has led to health concerns. 城市空气质量的恶化引起了健康问题。
liveability index 宜居指数；1. The city's high liveability index attracts many residents and tourists. 这个城市高的宜居指数吸引了许多居民和游客。
rate vt. 评价，评定；
category n. 类别；1. The items are organized into different categories for easy identification. 这些物品按照不同的类别进行组织，以便易于识别。
infrastructure n. 基础设施；1. Investments in infrastructure are crucial for economic development. 基础设施的投资对于经济发展至关重要。
rebound vi. 反弹，回升；1. After a period of economic recession, the country's economy rebounded. 经历了一段经济衰退后，该国的经济反弹。
top vt. 位居榜首；1. The athlete topped the leaderboard with an impressive performance. 这位运动员凭借出色的表现位居排行榜首位。
参考译文
根据EIU最新的宜居指数，全球城市的生活条件已经从新冠疫情导致的恶化中完全恢复。该指数根据稳定性、医疗保健、文化与环境、教育和基础设施等五个类别评估了173个城市的生活条件。亚太地区的城市复苏最为显著。指数还显示，现在的城市生活比过去15年中的任何时候都要好一些。以下是排名前列的城市。
段二
The liveability survey was designed to help companies calculate hardship allowances for staff who were moving to a new—and possibly less tolerable—city. As a by-product, it also provides a snapshot of the most, and least, desirable cities to live in, at least if you’re an expat. Vienna, with its excellent mix of stability, culture and entertainment, and reliable infrastructure, tops the ranking for the fourth time in five years. Copenhagen, a similarly sized city with many of the same characteristics, is second. Melbourne, a fixture at the top of the ranking in the past, comes in third. In all, nine of the top ten cities are small to mid-sized; all ten, and indeed most of the top 50, are in rich countries.
calculate vt. 计算；1. I need to calculate the total cost of the project. 我需要计算项目的总成本。
hardship allowance 艰苦津贴；1. The company provides hardship allowances for employees working in remote areas. 公司为在偏远地区工作的员工提供艰苦津贴。
snapshot n. 快照，简要概述；1. The report provides a snapshot of the current market trends. 这份报告提供了当前市场趋势的概览。2. The photograph captures a beautiful snapshot of the sunset. 这张照片捕捉到了美丽的日落快照。
desirable adj. 理想的，可取的；1. Living in a safe neighborhood is desirable for many families. 对许多家庭来说，居住在安全的社区是理想的。2. The company offers a range of desirable benefits for its employees. 该公司为员工提供多种可取的福利待遇。
expat n. 外籍居民，移居国外的人；1. Expats often face challenges when adapting to a new culture and language. 外籍居民在适应新的文化和语言时常常面临挑战。
mix n. 混合，混合物；1. The cake recipe calls for a mix of flour, sugar, and eggs. 蛋糕的配方需要混合面粉、糖和鸡蛋。
similarly adv. 同样地，相似地；1. Similarly, both cities have experienced significant population growth in recent years. 同样地，这两个城市近年来都经历了显著的人口增长。
fixture n. 常客，稳定存在的事物；1. The bathroom fixture includes a sink, toilet, and shower. 浴室的固定装置包括洗手盆、马桶和淋浴器。2. He has been a fixture in the local community for many years. 多年来，他一直是当地社区中的常客。
come in 取得（某名次）；到达；加入；
参考译文
宜居调查的目的是帮助企业计算员工在搬到一个新的、可能不太宜居的城市时的艰难津贴。作为额外收获，它也提供了一个关于最宜居和最不宜居城市的快照，至少对于外籍人士来说是这样。维也纳以其稳定性、文化娱乐和可靠的基础设施的卓越组合，连续四年荣登榜首。哥本哈根作为一个规模相似、具有许多相同特点的城市，位居第二。过去一直在榜单顶部的墨尔本排名第三。总体来说，前十名中有九个是中小型城市；前50名中的大部分城市，甚至所有前十名城市，都位于富裕国家。
段三
Big cities with high levels of crime, congestion and density tend to fare less well. London—down 12 places from a year ago—comes in 46th and New York is down ten spots to 69th. Wellington and Auckland have climbed 35 and 25 places compared with a year ago; Hanoi is up 20 and Kuala Lumpur jumped 19 positions. Post-pandemic improvements in education and health-care scores across Asia, Africa and the Middle East were the main reasons for this year’s rise in living standards.
congestion n. 拥堵；1. The city's traffic congestion during rush hour is unbearable. 城市在高峰时段的交通拥堵令人难以忍受。
density n. 密度；1. The population density in the city center is much higher than in the suburbs. 市中心的人口密度远高于郊区。
fare vi. 过活；过日子；生活；经历；应对；1. She fared well in her new job. 她在新工作中表现得很好。2. How are you faring these days? 你这些日子过得怎么样？3. n. 费用，车费；
down adv. 向下，在下方；1. The team was down by two points in the final minutes of the game. 比赛最后几分钟，该队落后两分。
up adv. 向上，在上方；1. Her grades went up after she started studying more. 她开始更加努力学习后，成绩提高了。
参考译文
犯罪率高、交通拥堵和人口密度大的大城市往往表现较差。伦敦在去年的排名中下降了12位，位列第46位，纽约下降了10位，位列第69位。惠灵顿和奥克兰相比去年上升了35位和25位；河内上升了20位，吉隆坡跃升了19个位置。亚洲、非洲和中东地区教育和医疗保健水平的疫后改善是今年生活水平提高的主要原因。
精听党每日单词
liveable
/ˈlɪvəbl/ adj. 宜居的，适宜居住的；
deterioration
/dɪˌtɪriəˈreɪʃn/ n. 恶化；
liveability index
宜居指数；
rate
/reɪt/ vt. 评价，评定；
category
/ˈkætəɡɔːri/ n. 类别；
infrastructure
/ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃər/ n. 基础设施；
rebound
/rɪˈbaʊnd/ vi. 反弹，回升；
top
/tɑːp/ vt. 位居榜首；
calculate
/ˈkælkjuleɪt/ vt. 计算；
hardship allowance
艰苦津贴；
snapshot
/ˈsnæpʃɑːt/ n. 快照，简要概述；
desirable
/dɪˈzaɪərəb(ə)l/ adj. 理想的，可取的；
expat
/ˌeksˈpæt/ n. 外籍居民，移居国外的人；
mix
/mɪks/ n. 混合，混合物；
similarly
/ˈsɪmələrli/ adv. 同样地，相似地；
fixture
/ˈfɪkstʃər/ n. 常客，稳定存在的事物；
come in
取得（某名次）；到达；加入；
congestion
/kənˈdʒestʃən/ n. 拥堵；
density
/ˈdensəti/ n. 密度；
fare
/fer/ vi. 过活；过日子；生活；经历；应对；
down
/daʊn/ adv. 向下，在下方；
up
/ʌp/ adv. 向上，在上方；
精听党文化拓展
Paul Hunt于近日解读了一份HRMI（Human Rights Measurement Initiative）发布的世界各国人权报告，并表示在新西兰生活质量方面的“好坏参半”的结果，某些领域已经取得了进展，但另一些领域的趋势令人担忧。
这些“被忽视的人权”包括教育权、食物权、健康权：新西兰未能达到所有生活质量人权指标的基准——包括劳动权、食物权、教育权和健康权；残疾人、毛利人和无家可归的人最容易遭受人权侵犯；新西兰的食物权指数，目前在所有有记录的经合组织国家中排名倒数第二。
Hunt表示，新西兰在经合组织中排名最好的一个类别是健康权，以 93.6%的得分排名第五。但是，新西兰的公平收入权、食品权得分是最差的：新西兰人的劳动权得分只有73.4%，被评定为“非常糟糕”；公平收入权更是在经合组织中排名垫底，得分仅为 59.4%，被评定为“极度差”。食物权评分仅高于墨西哥，在经合组织国家中排名倒数第二，为 82.1%。人权专家表示，残疾人、毛利人和社会或经济地位较低的人，最有可能无法实现食物权和平等受教育的权利。
Hunt说：“在新西兰，这些人权问题因缺失监管经常被忽视、薄弱且不完整，因此 HRMI的倡议非常重要，至少它们为这些人权提供了有限程度的公共问责。”人权衡量倡议战略和传播负责人Thalia Kehoe Rowden则表示，新西兰有能力做得更好。“其他拥有同等资源水平的国家，在健康、教育和食品等方面做得要比新西兰好得多，新西兰还有很大的改善空间。”
精听党每日美句
Clouds pour the water in the river of water glass, hiding in the distant hills.
云把水倒在河的水杯里，它们自己却藏在远山之中。