文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:The costs of taming price rises could prove too unpalatable for central banks
原文发布时间:23 Jun. 2023
The costs of taming price rises could prove too unpalatable for central banks
At first glance the world economy appears to have escaped from a tight spot. In the United States annual inflation has fallen to 4%, having approached double digits last year. A recession is nowhere in sight and the Federal Reserve has felt able to take a break from raising interest rates. After a gruesome 2022, stockmarkets have been celebrating: the S&P 500 index of American firms has risen by 14% so far this year, propelled by a resurgence in tech stocks. Only in Britain does inflation seem to be worryingly entrenched.
The trouble is that the inflation monster has not truly been tamed. Britain's problem is the most acute. There, wages and "core" prices, which exclude energy and food, are rising by around 7%, year on year. But even as headline rates elsewhere have dropped as the energy shock has faded, core inflation has been frustratingly stubborn. In both America and the euro area it exceeds 5%, and has been high over the past year. Across the rich world many governments are adding fuel to the fire by running budget deficits of a scale typically seen during deep economic slumps.
As a result, central banks face agonising choices. What they do next will reverberate across financial markets, threatening uncertainty and upheaval for workers, bosses and pensioners. Equity investors are hoping that central banks can return inflation to their 2% targets without inducing a recession. But history suggests that bringing inflation down will be painful. In Britain mortgage rates are surging, causing pain to aspiring and existing homeowners alike.
抑制价格上涨的成本可能会让央行难以接受
精听党背景导读
英国中央银行英格兰银行22日宣布,将基准利率从4.5%上调至5%,这是2021年12月以来英国央行连续第13次加息。
英国央行在当天公布的会议纪要中表示,最近的通胀数据显示出上行风险,表明通胀过程比预计的更持久。英国央行同时表示,如果有证据表明通胀压力持续,就需要进一步收紧货币政策。
万神殿宏观经济学研究公司英国首席经济学家塞缪尔·图姆斯表示,英国央行此举表明了其控制通胀的决心,预计英国基准利率将在未来几个月内达到5.5%的峰值。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:The costs of taming price rises could prove too unpalatable for central banks原文发布时间:23 Jun. 2023关键词:成本 加息 经济衰退
精听党带着问题听
1.“处境险恶”用英语可以怎么表达?2. 如何理解段一中的“gruesome”?3. 美元和欧元区的核心通胀率是多少?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
The costs of taming price rises could prove too unpalatable for central banks
抑制价格上涨的成本可能会让央行难以接受
tame vt. 驯化,驯服;制服,控制;1. Tame your tummy. 驯服你的胃。
unpalatable adj. 味道差的,难吃的;讨人厌的,使人不快的;1. unpalatable food 不可口食物;
段一
At first glance the world economy appears to have escaped from a tight spot. In the United States annual inflation has fallen to 4%, having approached double digits last year. A recession is nowhere in sight and the Federal Reserve has felt able to take a break from raising interest rates. After a gruesome 2022, stockmarkets have been celebrating: the S&P 500 index of American firms has risen by 14% so far this year, propelled by a resurgence in tech stocks. Only in Britain does inflation seem to be worryingly entrenched.
at first glance 乍一看;1. At first glance the problem seemed easy. 乍一看问题似乎很简单。
escape from 逃脱;逃离;1. escape from freedom 逃避自由;逃离自由;2. She managed to escape from the burning car. 她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。
tight spot 困境;紧要关头;1. in a tight spot 处境险恶;处于困境;
approach vt. 靠近,临近;接洽,交谈;对付,处理;近似,接近于;1. He didn't approach the front door at once. 他没有立即走近前门。
recession n.(经济的)衰退(期);1. economic recession 经济衰退;经济萧条;2. The oil price increases sent Europe into deep recession. 石油价格的上涨使欧洲陷入严重的经济衰退。
take a break 休息一下;
gruesome adj. 可怕的;阴森的;1. There has been a series of gruesome murders in the capital. 在首都发生了一连串恐怖的谋杀案。
propel vt. 推进,驱动;推搡(某人走向特定方向); 驱使,促使;1. The tiny rocket is attached to the spacecraft and is designed to propel it toward Mars. 微型火箭附在宇宙飞船上,用来推进飞船飞向火星。
resurgence n. 复兴,复苏,再次兴起;1. economic resurgence 经济复苏;
entrenched adj. 根深蒂固的;确立的,不容易改的;1. The recession remains deeply entrenched. 经济衰退仍然根深蒂固。
参考译文
乍一看,世界经济似乎已经摆脱了困境。在美国,年通货膨胀率已降至4%,去年已接近两位数。经济衰退遥遥无期,美联储(Federal Reserve)觉得可以暂停加息。在经历了令人毛骨悚然的2022年之后,股市一直在庆祝:受科技股复苏的推动,美国公司的标准普尔500指数今年迄今已上涨14%。只有在英国,通货膨胀似乎根深蒂固,令人担忧。
段二
The trouble is that the inflation monster has not truly been tamed. Britain’s problem is the most acute. There, wages and “core” prices, which exclude energy and food, are rising by around 7%, year on year. But even as headline rates elsewhere have dropped as the energy shock has faded, core inflation has been frustratingly stubborn. In both America and the euro area it exceeds 5%, and has been high over the past year. Across the rich world many governments are adding fuel to the fire by running budget deficits of a scale typically seen during deep economic slumps.
monster n. 怪兽,怪物;巨大的东西,庞然大物;难以驾驭的人,难以掌控的事物;
acute adj. 严重的,危险的;急性的,剧烈的;灵敏的;敏锐的,有洞察力的;1. The war has aggravated an acute economic crisis. 这场战争加剧了一场严峻的经济危机。2. The report has caused acute embarrassment to the government. 这份报告使政府极其尴尬。
wage n. 工资,报酬;1. basic wage 基本工资;2. minimum wage 最低工资;
exclude vt. 不包括,把…排除在外;1. Many of the youngsters feel excluded. 很多年轻人感觉受排挤。
year on year 与去年同期相比;
headline rate 基准利率(在消除扭曲因素前实行的一个基本通胀率、税率等);
fade vi. 逐渐消失;(使)褪色,(使)变暗;枯萎,凋谢;变得虚弱;1. fade away 慢慢褪去;褪色;消逝;逐渐凋谢;
frustratingly adv. 令人泄气地;使人沮丧地;1. Progress was frustratingly slow. 进展慢得使人沮丧。
stubborn adj.(人)固执的,倔强的;难以去除(对付,使用)的;1. He is a stubborn character used to getting his own way. 他是一个固执的人,过去常常随心所欲。
budget deficit 预算赤字;
typically adv. 典型地,有代表性地;一般,通常;
slump n.(价格、销售额、利润等的)突然下跌;(经济的)不景气,萧条;1. economic slump 经济衰退;经济萧条;
参考译文
问题在于,通胀怪兽尚未真正被驯服。英国的问题最为尖锐。在那里,工资和“核心”价格(不包括能源和食品)同比上涨约7%。但即使随着能源冲击的消退,其他地区的整体通胀率有所下降,核心通胀率仍顽固得令人沮丧。在美元和欧元区,这个数字都超过了5%,而且在过去的一年里一直很高。在富裕国家,许多政府都在火上浇油,预算赤字达到了经济深度衰退期间的典型规模。
段三
As a result, central banks face agonising choices. What they do next will reverberate across financial markets, threatening uncertainty and upheaval for workers, bosses and pensioners. Equity investors are hoping that central banks can return inflation to their 2% targets without inducing a recession. But history suggests that bringing inflation down will be painful. In Britain mortgage rates are surging, causing pain to aspiring and existing homeowners alike.
agonising adj. 烦恼的;苦闷的;1. As a result, their choices are agonising. 结果是,他们必须做出艰难选择。
reverberate vi. 回响;反响;弹回;1. Repercussions of the case continue to reverberate through the financial world. 这件事持续影响着整个金融界。
upheaval n. 激变,剧变;1. Algeria has been going through political upheaval for the past two months. 在过去的两个月里,阿尔及利亚一直经历着政治动乱。
pensioner n. 领取养老金(或退休金、抚恤金)的人;
equity n. 公平,公正;资产净值;普通股;1. equity investor 权益投资人;
induce vt. 引诱,诱使;引起,导致;1. Doctors said surgery could induce a heart attack. 医生们说手术可能导致心脏病。
painful adj. 疼痛的;引起疼痛的;令人痛苦(难受)的,困难的;1. Her glands were swollen and painful. 她的腺体肿胀且疼痛。
mortgage rate 抵押贷款利率;
surge vi. 急剧上升,激增;
aspiring adj. 有抱负的;渴望从事…的;
existing adj. 现存的,现行的;
参考译文
因此,各国央行面临着痛苦的选择。他们下一步的行动将在整个金融市场引起反响,给工人、老板和养老金领取者带来不确定性和动荡的威胁。股票投资者希望各国央行能够在不引发经济衰退的情况下,将通胀率恢复到2%的目标水平。但历史表明,降低通胀将是痛苦的。在英国,抵押贷款利率正在飙升,给想买房的和现有房主都带来了痛苦。
精听党每日单词
tame
/teɪm/ vt. 驯化,驯服;制服,控制;
unpalatable
/ʌnˈpælətəb(ə)l/ adj. 味道差的,难吃的;讨人厌的,使人不快的;
at first glance
乍一看;
escape from
逃脱;逃离;
tight spot
困境;紧要关头;
approach
/əˈproʊtʃ/ vt. 靠近,临近;接洽,交谈;对付,处理;近似,接近于;
recession
/rɪˈseʃ(ə)n/ n.(经济的)衰退(期);
take a break
休息一下;
gruesome
/ˈɡruːsəm/ adj. 可怕的;阴森的;
propel
/prəˈpel/ vt. 推进,驱动;推搡(某人走向特定方向); 驱使,促使;
resurgence
/rɪˈsɜːrdʒəns/ n. 复兴,复苏,再次兴起;
entrenched
/ɪnˈtrentʃt/ adj. 根深蒂固的;确立的,不容易改的;
monster
/ˈmɑːnstər/ n. 怪兽,怪物;巨大的东西,庞然大物;难以驾驭的人,难以掌控的事物;
acute
/əˈkjuːt/ adj. 严重的,危险的;急性的,剧烈的;灵敏的;敏锐的,有洞察力的;
wage
/weɪdʒ/ n. 工资,报酬;
exclude
/ɪkˈskluːd/ vt. 不包括,把…排除在外;
year on year
与去年同期相比;
headline rate
基准利率(在消除扭曲因素前实行的一个基本通胀率、税率等);
fade
/feɪd/ vi. 逐渐消失;(使)褪色,(使)变暗;枯萎,凋谢;变得虚弱;
frustratingly
/ˈfrʌstreɪtɪŋli/ adv. 令人泄气地;使人沮丧地;
stubborn
/ˈstʌbərn/ adj.(人)固执的,倔强的;难以去除(对付,使用)的;
budget deficit
预算赤字;
typically
/ˈtɪpɪkli/ adv. 典型地,有代表性地;一般,通常;
slump
/slʌmp/ n.(价格、销售额、利润等的)突然下跌;(经济的)不景气,萧条;
agonising
/ˈæɡəˌnaɪzɪŋ/ adj. 烦恼的;苦闷的;
reverberate
/rɪˈvɜːrbəreɪt/ vi. 回响;反响;弹回;
upheaval
/ʌpˈhiːv(ə)l/ n. 激变,剧变;
pensioner
/ˈpenʃənər/ n. 领取养老金(或退休金、抚恤金)的人;
equity
/ˈekwəti/ n. 公平,公正;资产净值;普通股;
induce
/ɪnˈduːs/ vt. 引诱,诱使;引起,导致;
painful
/ˈpeɪnf(ə)l/ adj. 疼痛的;引起疼痛的;令人痛苦(难受)的,困难的;
mortgage rate
抵押贷款利率;
surge
/sɜːrdʒ/ vi. 急剧上升,激增;
aspiring
/əˈspaɪərɪŋ/ adj. 有抱负的;渴望从事…的;
existing
/ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/ adj. 现存的,现行的;
精听党文化拓展
随着美国企业巨额债务即将到期,而美联储加息导致债务再融资成本上升,一波违约破产潮正在席卷美国。
根据穆迪投资者服务公司的数据,今年迄今为止,美国发生了41起企业债券违约事件,是全球违约最多的地区,为2022年同期的两倍多。与此同时,标普全球市场情报公司的数据显示,截至6月22日,美国企业已经提交了324份破产申请,接近2022年374份的总水平。截至今年4月,共有230多份破产申请,为2010年以来同期最高水平。
紧急医疗服务提供商Envision Healthcare 是5月份违约金额最大的公司。根据穆迪的数据,该公司申请破产时负债超过70亿美元。根据标普全球的数据,家庭安全和警报公司Monitronics International、地区金融机构硅谷银行、家居用品零售连锁店Bed Bath&Beyond,地区体育网络所有者钻石体育(Diamond sports)均是今年迄今最大的破产案主角之一。
上周早些时候,美联储主席鲍威尔表示,预计今年将进行更多加息,直到在降低通胀方面取得更多进展。这意味着未来几个月美企违约率可能会进一步上升。穆迪预计,到今年年底,全球违约率将升至4.6%,高于4.1%的长期平均水平。预计到2024年4月,这一比率将升至5%,然后开始缓解。
Solomon Partners资本转型和债务咨询联席主管Mark Hootnick表示,可以肯定的是,将有更多违约发生。到目前为止,“我们一直处于一个极其宽松的信贷环境中,坦率地说,那些本来不够发债融资的公司都在毫无限制地举债。”
精听党每日美句
Wise man warns me that life is but a dewdrop on the lotus leaf.
聪明的人警告我说,生命只是一颗荷叶上的露珠。