每日英语听力外刊精读20230701:吸电子烟在英国的学童中已经成为一种道德恐慌


文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)
作者:Unknown
原文标题:Vaping among schoolchildren has become a moral panic in Britain
原文发布时间:27 Jun. 2023
Vaping among schoolchildren has become a moral panic in Britain
Curious odours swirl in the bathrooms of Copthall School, an all-girls comprehensive just north of London. Pupils who puff on e-cigarettes say that "lemon and lime" and "sour apple" are the most popular hits. But it's not only flavours that appeal: as ever, being a part of the crowd matters. Kids who vape are "more accepted," says Manha, a 13-year-old (who has, nonetheless, resisted). Poonam Dave, a senior member of staff, estimates a quarter of the children use them. That's broadly in line with a recent survey by an anti-smoking group, ash, suggesting a fifth of 11- to 17-year-olds have tried vaping.
Buying e-cigarettes is illegal for those under 18, but vaping rates are drifting upwards. The most recent figures, from 2021, suggest 9% of students in secondary schools are regular or occasional vapers, up from 6% three years before. The increase coincides with the proliferation of cheap, plastic, disposable vapes from China that are sold in bright colours and heavily promoted in shops and on social media.
Similar trends exist in other countries, where authorities are more stirred up. China and many states in America have banned flavoured vapes, which are reckoned to be alluring to children. In recent months Australia and New Zealand said they will ban most disposable vapes, largely out of concern that tobacco companies, who own many e-cigarette-brands, are trying to get children hooked. In Britain Rishi Sunak, the prime minister, has no plans to follow suit but has said an "illicit vape enforcement squad" will raid shops that are known to sell to children.

吸电子烟在英国的学童中已经成为一种道德恐慌

精听党背景导读
英国卫生部门发布的数据显示,英国小学生吸电子烟的情形越来越严重,一些孩子甚至还不到9岁,未成年人因吸电子烟发病住院乃至死亡的案例触目惊心。
英国天空新闻频道25日援引英格兰国民保健署数据报道,在截至4月的一年间,英国英格兰地区有至少15名9岁及以下儿童因吸电子烟发病而不得不住院治疗。相比之下,上一年人数为12;再往前一年,人数为2。
英国著名心脏病与肺病医院皇家布朗普顿医院儿科专家安迪·布什说,这些数据令他感到“极为惊骇”,“儿童暴露于成瘾物质,而这些物质具有毒性,并且其中一些物质的毒性还不为人们所知”。他警告称,未成年人吸电子烟可能触发肺出血、肺衰竭等严重病症,甚至需要进重症监护室接受救治。
文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)作者:Unknown原文标题:Vaping among schoolchildren has become a moral panic in Britain原文发布时间:27 Jun. 2023关键词:电子烟 流行 禁止

精听党带着问题听
1.“道德恐慌”用英语可以怎么表达?2. 如何理解段一中的“puff on”?3. 2021年有多少中学生定期或偶尔吸电子烟?
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
Vaping among schoolchildren has become a moral panic in Britain
吸电子烟在英国的学童中已经成为一种道德恐慌
vaping n. 使用电子烟;吸电子烟;1. vape v. 吸电子烟;2. Vaping has gained popularity among young adults in recent years. 近年来,电子烟在年轻人中越来越受欢迎。
moral adj. 道德的;道义上的;1. moral panic 道德恐慌;
panic n. 恐慌;惊慌;1. There was a panic among the crowd when the fire broke out. 火灾发生时,人群中一阵恐慌。2. Don't panic. We’ll find a solution to this problem. 不要惊慌,我们会找到解决这个问题的办法。
段一
Curious odours swirl in the bathrooms of Copthall School, an all-girls comprehensive just north of London. Pupils who puff on e-cigarettes say that “lemon and lime” and “sour apple” are the most popular hits. But it’s not only flavours that appeal: as ever, being a part of the crowd matters. Kids who vape are “more accepted,” says Manha, a 13-year-old (who has, nonetheless, resisted). Poonam Dave, a senior member of staff, estimates a quarter of the children use them. That’s broadly in line with a recent survey by an anti-smoking group, ash, suggesting a fifth of 11- to 17-year-olds have tried vaping.
curious adj. 好奇的;1. The children's curious minds led them to explore new places. 孩子们的好奇心驱使他们去探索新的地方。
odour n. 气味;1. The kitchen was filled with the delightful odours of freshly baked bread. 厨房里弥漫着新鲜烤面包的香味。
swirl vi. 旋转;涡流;1. The leaves swirled in the autumn breeze. 树叶在秋风中旋转。
comprehensive adj. 综合性的,全面的;1. comprehensive quality 综合素质;2. comprehensive income 综合收入;
pupil n. 学生;瞳孔;1. pupil dilation 瞳孔扩张;瞳孔放大;
puff on 吸烟;1. She enjoyed puffing on her e-cigarette during her break. 她喜欢在休息时间吸电子烟。
lime n. 酸橙(树);酸橙饮料;酸橙绿色,淡黄绿色;青柠;
hit n. 打击;命中,击中;很受欢迎的人(或事物),成功;
appeal vi. 吸引;呼吁;1. The advertisement appealed to a wide audience. 这则广告吸引了广大观众。
as ever 一如既往;1. She was late for the meeting, as ever. 她开会又迟到了。
nonetheless adv. 然而,尽管如此;
quarter n. 四分之一;季度;1. She ate a quarter of the pizza. 她吃了四分之一的披萨。
broadly adv. 广泛地;概括地;1. Broadly speaking, the project was a success. 总的来说,这个项目是成功的。
in line with 与…一致;符合…;1. His actions were in line with company policy. 他的行为符合公司的政策。2. The decision is in line with our expectations. 这个决定符合我们的预期。
参考译文
伦敦北部的一所女子综合学校——科瑟尔学校(Copthall School)的盥洗室里弥漫着奇特的气味。吸电子烟的学生们说,“柠檬和青柠”以及“酸苹果”是最受欢迎的口味。但吸引他们的不仅仅是口味:一如既往,成为人群中的一员很重要。13岁的曼哈(Manha)说,吸电子烟的孩子“更容易被接受”(尽管如此,她一直在抵制)。学校高级员工普纳姆·戴夫(Poonam Dave)估计四分之一的学生在使用电子烟。这与反吸烟组织ash最近的一项调查结果大致吻合,该调查显示11至17岁的青少年中有五分之一尝试过电子烟。
段二
Buying e-cigarettes is illegal for those under 18, but vaping rates are drifting upwards. The most recent figures, from 2021, suggest 9% of students in secondary schools are regular or occasional vapers, up from 6% three years before. The increase coincides with the proliferation of cheap, plastic, disposable vapes from China that are sold in bright colours and heavily promoted in shops and on social media.
illegal adj. 非法的;1. It is illegal to drive without a valid license. 没有有效驾照驾驶是违法的。
drift vi. 漂移;漂流;偏离;
secondary school 中学;
occasional vaper 偶尔使用电子烟的人;1. I'm not a regular vaper, just an occasional vaper when I'm stressed. 我不是经常使用电子烟,只是在压力大时偶尔用一下。
coincide with 与…同时发生;与…相符;1. The event coincides with the anniversary of the company's founding. 此次活动恰逢该公司成立一周年。
proliferation n. 激增;扩散;迅速增长;1. The proliferation of social media platforms has revolutionized communication. 社交媒体平台的激增彻底改变了交流方式。
disposable adj. 一次性的;可丢弃的;1. disposable plastic products 一次性塑料制品;
参考译文
购买电子烟对于未满18岁的人是违法的,但吸电子烟的比率正在上升。从2021年开始的最新数据显示,9%的中学生经常或偶尔吸电子烟,比三年前的6%有所增加。这一增长与来自中国的廉价塑料一次性电子烟的泛滥相吻合,这些产品色彩鲜艳,在商店和社交媒体上广泛推广。
段三
Similar trends exist in other countries, where authorities are more stirred up. China and many states in America have banned flavoured vapes, which are reckoned to be alluring to children. In recent months Australia and New Zealand said they will ban most disposable vapes, largely out of concern that tobacco companies, who own many e-cigarette-brands, are trying to get children hooked. In Britain Rishi Sunak, the prime minister, has no plans to follow suit but has said an “illicit vape enforcement squad” will raid shops that are known to sell to children.
trend n. 趋势;动向;
stir up 激起;引起;鼓动;1. The controversial statement stirred up a heated debate among the audience. 这个有争议的声明引起了观众之间的激烈讨论。
ban vt. 禁止;禁令;1. The government decided to ban the use of single-use plastic bags. 政府决定禁止使用一次性塑料袋。
flavoured adj. 调味的;有味道的;1. The ice cream shop offers a variety of flavored cones and toppings. 这家冰淇淋店提供各种口味的蛋筒和配料。2. I prefer flavored water over plain water for a more refreshing taste. 比起白水,我更喜欢加香味的水,因为味道更清爽。
reckon vt. 认为;估计;计算;1. I reckon that it will take us about an hour to reach the destination. 我估计我们大约要花一个小时才能到达目的地。
allure to 吸引;诱惑;
out of concern 出于关切;基于关心;
hooked adj. 入迷的;上瘾的;1. He got hooked on playing video games and neglected his studies. 他沉迷于玩电子游戏而忽视了学习。
follow suit 效仿;跟随做同样的事;1. When one company introduced a four-day work week, many others followed suit. 当一家公司推出每周四天工作制时,其他许多公司也纷纷效仿。
illicit adj. 非法的;违法的;1. He was arrested for engaging in illicit activities, including fraud and money laundering. 他因从事包括欺诈和洗钱在内的非法活动而被捕。
enforcement squad 执法小组;执行队伍;1. The city established a dedicated enforcement squad to crack down on illegal street vendors. 城市成立了一个专门的执法小组,打击非法街头摊贩。
raid vt. 突袭,偷袭;突击搜捕,突然搜查;1. The police raided the suspected drug den and arrested several individuals. 警方突袭了涉嫌贩毒的窝点并逮捕了几人。
参考译文
类似的趋势在其他国家也存在,当局对此更为关注。中国和美国的许多州已禁止口味电子烟,因为人们认为它们对孩子很有吸引力。最近几个月,澳大利亚和新西兰表示将禁止大多数的一次性电子烟,主要是因为担心烟草公司,这些公司拥有许多电子烟品牌,正试图让孩子上瘾。在英国,首相里希·苏纳克(Rishi Sunak)没有计划跟进,但他表示将会派出“非法电子烟执法小组”突击搜查已知向儿童销售电子烟的商店。
精听党每日单词
vaping
 /ˈveɪpɪŋ/ n. 使用电子烟;吸电子烟;
moral
 /ˈmɔːrəl/ adj. 道德的;道义上的;
panic
 /ˈpænɪk/ n. 恐慌;惊慌;
curious
 /ˈkjʊriəs/ adj. 好奇的;
odour
 /ˈoʊdər/ n. 气味;
swirl
 /swɜːrl/ vi. 旋转;涡流;
comprehensive
 /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv/ adj. 综合性的,全面的;
pupil
 /ˈpjuːp(ə)l/ n. 学生;瞳孔;
puff on
 吸烟;
lime
 /laɪm/ n. 酸橙(树);酸橙饮料;酸橙绿色,淡黄绿色;青柠;
hit
 /hɪt/ n. 打击;命中,击中;很受欢迎的人(或事物),成功;
appeal
 /əˈpiːl/ vi. 吸引;呼吁;
as ever
 一如既往;
nonetheless
 /ˌnʌnðəˈles/ adv. 然而,尽管如此;
quarter
 /ˈkwɔːrtər/ n. 四分之一;季度;
broadly
 /ˈbrɔːdli/ adv. 广泛地;概括地;
in line with
 与…一致;符合…;
illegal
 /ɪˈliːɡ(ə)l/ adj. 非法的;
drift
 /drɪft/ vi. 漂移;漂流;偏离;
secondary school
 中学;
occasional vaper
 偶尔使用电子烟的人;
coincide with
 与…同时发生;与…相符;
proliferation
 /prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/ n. 激增;扩散;迅速增长;
disposable
 /dɪˈspoʊzəb(ə)l/ adj. 一次性的;可丢弃的;
trend
 /trend/ n. 趋势;动向;
stir up
 激起;引起;鼓动;
ban
 /bæn/ vt. 禁止;禁令;
flavoured
 /ˈfleɪvərd/ adj. 调味的;有味道的;
reckon
 /ˈrekən/ vt. 认为;估计;计算;
allure to
 吸引;诱惑;
out of concern
 出于关切;基于关心;
hooked
 /hʊkt/ adj. 入迷的;上瘾的;
follow suit
 效仿;跟随做同样的事;
illicit
 /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ adj. 非法的;违法的;
enforcement squad
 执法小组;执行队伍;
raid
 /reɪd/ vt. 突袭,偷袭;突击搜捕,突然搜查;
精听党文化拓展
近几个月来,活动人士要求对电子烟广告和包装实行更严格规定的呼声越来越高。他们认为,电子烟的规定应该像烟草一样,包括普通包装、健康警告并在柜台后的陈列,同时应该加强执法力度,打击向18岁以下儿童销售电子烟的商店。儿童专员雷切尔·德·索萨则表示,处理儿童吸电子烟问题是她未来一年的首要任务之一,“我们迫切需要从过去吸取教训,确保对整个电子烟行业有更严格的监管”。
此外,麦基恩提到,电子烟原本是成年人的戒烟工具,但生产公司在营销中采取了“阴险而令人不安的方法”,在电子烟中加入甜味剂,并通过彩色包装瞄准儿童。伦敦国王学院和“吸烟与健康行动”的研究反映了这一点。研究发现,在不降低电子烟对成年人吸引力的情况下,去掉电子烟的品牌可能会阻止青少年购买。他们对2469名11-18岁的青少年和12026名成年人进行了研究,发现青少年对标准化白色或绿色包装的电子烟没有兴趣,而成年人则表示他们的兴趣并没有降低。
该研究的第一作者、伦敦国王学院的伊芙·泰勒说:“理想的情况是确保青少年从一开始就不受电子烟的诱惑,同时不阻止成年人使用电子烟来戒烟。”研究表明,去掉电子烟品牌是实现这一目标的一种手段。但该研究的资深作者凯瑟琳·伊斯特提出了一个观点,即使用与香烟相同的标准化绿色包装,可能会加深人们的误解——电子烟和吸烟一样危险。麦基恩还认为,也应该考虑禁止一次性电子烟,这在儿童中最受欢迎。
对此,英国电子烟行业协会总干事约翰·邓恩说:“任何未来的政策或法规都需要集中精力切断未成年人的供应来源,处理流氓经营者,而不是大规模禁止香精和一次性电子烟等产品,这些产品在帮助成年吸烟者戒烟方面发挥了重要作用。”
精听党每日美句
Sloth turneth the edge of wit.
懒散能磨去才智的锋芒。
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