文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）
作者：Unknown
原文标题：How misfiring environmentalism risks harming the world’s poor
原文发布时间：1 Jul. 2023
How misfiring environmentalism risks harming the world's poor
Thank goodness for the enthusiasts and the obsessives. If everyone always took a balanced view of everything, nothing would ever get done. But when campaigners' worldview seeps into the staid apparatus of policymaking and global forums, bad decisions tend to follow. That, unfortunately, is especially true in the world of climate change. One example is the effect of global warming on the world's poorest people. As the planet heats up, extreme events such as droughts, floods and storms are becoming more common and more severe. Many places are becoming less habitable. Over the coming decades many vulnerable farmers, from Mali to the Mekong Delta, will find their crops failing more frequently. And as resources grow scarcer, more fighting will break out.
This pattern is no longer just a warning by activists. It is accepted by the mainstream to the point where fears of a surge in climate migration are fodder for the nativist right. Because people are understandably troubled by the idea of climate change forcing poor farmers to leave behind their ancestral lands, an important goal of adaptation spending is to help them stay.
Yet the truth is more complex. The vast majority of displaced people will not cross international borders but move within their own country. By 2050, 50m-216m people could be on the move internally. And many will be rural folk moving to cities, where their lives are likely to become better. Urbanisation usually aids development, bringing people closer to schools, health care and well-paying jobs, as well as more liberal social norms, particularly for women.
失败的环保主义可能如何伤害世界上的穷人？
精听党背景导读
研究表明，全球气候变暖放大的温度波动效应将对世界上最贫穷的国家造成最严重的打击。
研究结果表明，在全球变暖对不同国家和地区的影响程度中，南部非洲和亚马逊地区的平均气温增加近15%，萨赫勒（位于西非地区）、印度和东南亚地区的平均气温增加近10%。
而与此同时，许多热带以外的国家，尤其是对全球气候变暖贡献最大的一些发达国家，却没有明显受到气候变暖带来的影响。
文本选自：The Economist（经济学人）作者：Unknown原文标题：How misfiring environmentalism risks harming the world’s poor原文发布时间：1 Jul. 2023关键词：环保 伤害 气候移民
精听党带着问题听
1.“环保主义”用英语可以怎么表达？2. 如何理解段三中的“rural folk”？3. 绝大多数人为了应对气候变化会采取什么行动？
精听党选段赏析
标题解读
How misfiring environmentalism risks harming the world’s poor
失败的环保主义可能如何伤害世界上的穷人
misfiring adj. 打不着火的；不奏效的；不起作用的；1. The misfiring rocket caused a lot of damage. 未命中目标的火箭造成了很多损失。
environmentalism n. 环保主义；1. Environmentalism is an important movement in today’s society. 环保主义是当今社会的一个重要运动。
段一
Thank goodness for the enthusiasts and the obsessives. If everyone always took a balanced view of everything, nothing would ever get done. But when campaigners’ worldview seeps into the staid apparatus of policymaking and global forums, bad decisions tend to follow. That, unfortunately, is especially true in the world of climate change. One example is the effect of global warming on the world’s poorest people. As the planet heats up, extreme events such as droughts, floods and storms are becoming more common and more severe. Many places are becoming less habitable. Over the coming decades many vulnerable farmers, from Mali to the Mekong Delta, will find their crops failing more frequently. And as resources grow scarcer, more fighting will break out.
enthusiast n. 热心者；1. The enthusiasts were excited about the new project. 热心者对新项目感到兴奋。
obsessive n. 痴迷者；1. The obsessives spent all their time on their hobbies. 痴迷者把所有时间都花在了他们的爱好上。
worldview n. 世界观；1. His worldview was shaped by his experiences. 他的世界观受到他经历的影响。
seep into 渗透；
staid adj. 固定的；沉着的；沉静的；古板的，保守的；1. a staid seaside resort 一个了无生气的海滨度假地；
apparatus n. 装置；机构，组织；1. The apparatus was used to measure the temperature. 这个仪器是用来测量温度的。
policymaking n. 政策制定；1. Policymaking is a complex process. 政策制定是一个复杂的过程。
forum n. 讨论会；（因特网上的）论坛，讨论区；法院，法庭；
drought n. 干旱；1. The droughts caused many crops to fail. 干旱导致许多农作物歉收。
flood n. 洪水；1. The floods destroyed many homes. 洪水摧毁了许多房屋。
storm n. 暴风雨；1. The storms caused a lot of damage. 暴风雨造成了很多损失。
habitable adj. 可居住的；适于居住的；1. Making the house habitable was a major undertaking. 使这所房子适合居住是个大工程。
vulnerable adj. 脆弱的；1. The vulnerable population was most affected by the disaster. 受灾难影响最大的是弱势群体。
scarce adj. 缺乏的；罕见的（比较级 scarcer 或 more scarce）；1. scarce resources 稀缺资源；
break out 爆发；逃脱；突破；1. He was 29 when war broke out. 战争爆发时他29岁。
参考译文
感谢上帝，有环保狂热人士和环保痴迷人士。如果每个人总是对每件事都持平衡的观点，那什么事也做不成。但是，当环保运动者的世界观渗透到僵化的政策制定机构和全球论坛中时，糟糕的决定往往会随之而来。不幸的是，在气候变化的世界里，这一点尤其正确。一个例子是全球变暖对世界上最贫困人口的影响。随着地球变暖，干旱、洪水和风暴等极端事件变得越来越普遍，也越来越严重。许多地方正变得越来越不适合居住。在未来的几十年里，从马里到湄公河三角洲，许多脆弱的农民将发现他们的庄稼更频繁地出现歉收的情况。随着资源越来越短缺，更多的冲突将会爆发。
段二
This pattern is no longer just a warning by activists. It is accepted by the mainstream to the point where fears of a surge in climate migration are fodder for the nativist right. Because people are understandably troubled by the idea of climate change forcing poor farmers to leave behind their ancestral lands, an important goal of adaptation spending is to help them stay.
activist n. 活动家；
mainstream n. 主流；1. His views were not mainstream. 他的观点不是主流。
surge n. 激增；
climate migration 气候移民；1. Climate migration is becoming a major issue. 气候移民正在成为一个重大问题。
fodder n. 饲料；素材；1. The press conference simply provided more fodder for another attack on his character. 记者招待会只是提供更多的素材，来对他人格进行另一轮攻击。
nativist adj. 本土主义的；1. He had nativist views on immigration. 他在移民问题上持本土主义观点。
ancestral lands 祖先土地；1. They were forced to leave their ancestral lands. 他们被迫离开祖先土地。
adaptation spending 适应性支出；1. Adaptation spending is necessary to address climate change.适应支出对于应对气候变化是必要的。
参考译文
这种模式不再只是环保活动人士的警告。它被主流所接受，以至于对气候移民激增的担忧成为本土主义右翼的素材。由于人们对气候变化迫使贫困农民离开祖传土地的想法感到不安，这种不安是可以理解的，因此，适应性支出的一个重要目标是帮助这些贫困农民留在他们祖先的土地上。
段三
Yet the truth is more complex. The vast majority of displaced people will not cross international borders but move within their own country. By 2050, 50m-216m people could be on the move internally. And many will be rural folk moving to cities, where their lives are likely to become better. Urbanisation usually aids development, bringing people closer to schools, health care and well-paying jobs, as well as more liberal social norms, particularly for women.
displaced adj. 流离失所的；1. The displaced people were in need of assistance. 流离失所的人需要帮助。
internally adv. 在内部地；1. The company was reorganized internally. 公司在内部进行了重组。
rural adj. 农村的；1. She grew up in a rural area. 她在农村地区长大。
folk n. 人们；1. rural folk 乡下人；2. country folk 乡村居民；
urbanisation n. 城市化（等于 urbanization）；1. Urbanisation has brought many changes to the area. 城市化给这个地区带来了许多变化。
development n. 发展；1. The development of the region was a priority for the government. 该地区的发展是政府的首要任务。
liberal adj. 自由主义的；1. She had liberal views on social issues. 她在社会问题上持自由主义观点。
social norms 社会规范；1. He didn’t follow the social norms of his community. 他没有遵守社区的社会规范。
参考译文
然而，事实要复杂得多。绝大多数流离失所的人不会越过国际边界，而是在自己的国家内移动。到2050年，国内将有5000万至2.16亿人口流动。许多人将是移居城市的农村居民，在那里他们的生活可能会变得更好。城市化通常有助于发展，使人们更接近学校、医疗保健和高薪工作，以及更自由的社会规范，特别是对女性而言。
精听党每日单词
misfiring
/ˌmɪsˈfaɪərɪŋ/ adj. 打不着火的；不奏效的；不起作用的；
environmentalism
/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪzəm/ n. 环保主义；
enthusiast
/ɪnˈθuːziæst/ n. 热心者；
obsessive
/əbˈsesɪv/ n. 痴迷者；
worldview
/ˈwɜːrldˌvjʊ/ n. 世界观；
seep into
渗透；
staid
/steɪd/ adj. 固定的；沉着的；沉静的；古板的，保守的；
apparatus
/ˌæpəˈrætəs/ n. 装置；机构，组织；
policymaking
/ˈpɑːləsimeɪkɪŋ/ n. 政策制定；
forum
/ˈfɔːrəm/ n. 讨论会；（因特网上的）论坛，讨论区；法院，法庭；
drought
/draʊt/ n. 干旱；
flood
/flʌd/ n. 洪水；
storm
/stɔːrm/ n. 暴风雨；
habitable
/ˈhæbɪtəb(ə)l/ adj. 可居住的；适于居住的；
vulnerable
/ˈvʌlnərəb(ə)l/ adj. 脆弱的；
scarce
/skers/ adj. 缺乏的；罕见的（比较级 scarcer 或 more scarce）；
break out
爆发；逃脱；突破；
activist
/ˈæktɪvɪst/ n. 活动家；
mainstream
/ˈmeɪnstriːm/ n. 主流；
surge
/sɜːrdʒ/ n. 激增；
climate migration
气候移民；
fodder
/ˈfɑːdər/ n. 饲料；素材；
nativist
/ˈneɪtɪvɪst/ adj. 本土主义的；
ancestral lands
祖先土地；
adaptation spending
适应性支出；
displaced
/dɪsˈpleɪst/ adj. 流离失所的；
internally
/ɪnˈtɜːrnəli/ adv. 在内部地；
rural
/ˈrʊrəl/ adj. 农村的；
folk
/foʊk/ n. 人们；
urbanisation
/ˌɜːrbənəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 城市化（等于 urbanization）；
development
/dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展；
liberal
/ˈlɪbərəl/ adj. 自由主义的；
social norms
社会规范；
精听党文化拓展
讲气候变化，海平面上升是很吸引眼球的新闻。其实大海并不是一个平面，海洋不同地方的海平面高度并不都是相同的，不同的大洋之间的海洋高度能相差不少。人类关心的、观测到的，实际上是沿岸的海平面。影响沿岸海平面变化的因素非常多，比如潮汐、天气、气候变化，还有陆地本身的上升、下降等等，当然不同的因素有不同的时间尺度。
人类对沿岸海平面变化的观测很早，当然早期资料的代表性普遍不足。地中海的资料比较好一些，从公元1世纪到1900年的漫长时间里面，地中海的海平面变化幅度没有超过正负25厘米，或者说基本上是稳定的；这期间地中海的海平面升降的变化速率，基本上都在每年0到2毫米之间。进入近代以后，19世纪后半期，世界各大洋面都有了观潮仪，这样就有了对所有大洋洋面高度的监测数据。这些历史数据里面能发现明显的海平面加速上升的趋势，但是数据还不足以作定量分析。全面、系统的观潮仪的数据记录是从1961年开始的，观察到1961年到2003年间，全球海平面上升的平均速度是每年约1.8毫米，这期间海平面并不是一个单纯的升高，而是有的年头升高，有的年头降低。更加全面的海平面数据是从1993年卫星进行测量开始的，理论上卫星观测可以得到最直接的海平面观测数据。卫星观测到1993年到2003年间，全球海平面上升速度是每年约3.1毫米，速度明显比此前加快。但是这个加快仅仅是短期变化，还是有长期趋势，还不好下结论。从观潮仪的记录来看，1993年到2003年的海平面上升速度在1950年代以后就曾经发生过，并不具有唯一性。
精听党每日美句
A person both calculated plan, if not promptly carry out, will come to regret.
一个人既有成算，若不迅速进行，必至后悔莫及。